One of the most influential architects of the past millennium, Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), shows in the Villa Pisani how good design can be executed with simple harmonious proportions and finishes rather than elaborate design and expensive materials. Located in Bagnolo, in the Veneto region of Italy, the Villa Pisani was one of Palladio’s early villa designs, completed in the 1540s, at the height of the Italian Renaissance.
The villa was placed at the heart of an agricultural estate and was designed with rusticated (textured rock) features to complement its rural setting. Palladio employed a suite of subtle design techniques to create the unity and harmony that’s present in the overall composition.
The geometry present in the three arched porticos, with a triangular pediment and radiating semi-circular stairs, becomes the main focus of the façade. The towers on either side of the entrance present taller proportions that are supported by similarly proportioned windows. The smooth exterior stucco provides contrast to the rusticated stone portico. A fine stone band marks the division from the basement level to the first floor and, with the rusticated windows and corners, provides a visual foundation to the villa.
On the interior, Palladio again employs simple proportional rules resulting in a sense of harmony for the interior spaces. The bedrooms maintain similar proportions that vary only slightly with a 2-to-3 height to breadth ratio and a 3-to-5 breadth to length ratio, while the main arched hall upholds the simple whole proportion of a 2-to-3 width to height ratio.
Palladio was able to understand the proportional fundamentals of the natural world. Although he would go on to create much grander architecture, he shows in this modest villa, that the basis of design is underpinned by simplicity and, in itself, carries inherent beauty.
James Howard Smith
Author
James Howard Smith, an architectural photographer, designer, and founder of Cartio, aims to inspire an appreciation of classic architecture.