The Lost World: This Cloud-Shrouded Oldest Mountain in the World Has Wildlife You Can Only Find Here

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Disclaimer: This article was published in 2023.

Welcome to Roraima, the oldest and most mysterious mountain in the world.

If you’ve never heard of it, that’s because only the hardiest souls make the journey to this otherworldly place in South America. Nature has colluded to keep swathes of tourists away from a mountain shrouded in legend, with its unique ecosystem kept isolated for millions of years.

Part of Canaima National Park, Roraima is found in south-eastern Venezuela on the border with Brazil and Guyana. Abundant in strange and beautiful plants and birdlife, it’s a massive tabletop mountain covering an area of 12 square miles (31 square kilometers). There are around 100 tabletop mountains that rise above the humid South American jungles.

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Roraima stands over 9,000 feet (2,800 meters) tall at its highest point and is the most spectacular of them all. These flat plateaus in the sky are known as “tepuis,” meaning “house of the Gods.”

While around a quarter of Roraima’s hulking mass falls into Brazil and Guyana, the majority is in Venezuela and it is from this side that most explorers approach. This trail—the Paratepui route—necessitates a grueling days long trek crossing treacherous rivers on foot, before a slippery, rocky scramble to the summit. If that weren’t tough enough, a handful of expert climbers have been known to tackle the sheer rock face on the other, Guyana side.

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This singular environment is home to a number of animal and bird species that exist nowhere else on the planet, one of the most curious being the pebble toad. This tiny black creature is unable to swim or hop, instead curling itself up into a ball and rolling away when it feels threatened, tricking predators into thinking it’s a little pebble.

Amongst other peculiar discoveries are a variety of flesh-eating plants, including the Marsh Pitcher Plant, its tubular-shaped leaves appearing straight out of a science-fiction film.

Roraima's indigenous black toad, which has a unique tumbling behavior. Pedro Moraes/Shutterstock

Carnivorous pitcher plants on Mount Roraima. Holger Hennern/Shutterstock

Bonnetia plants are common in the Roraima region. Adwo/Shutterstock

Quartz crystals are also commonly found on Mount Roraima. Wirestock Creators/Shutterstock

According to the adventure travel magazine Sidetracked, a team of six climbers documented their perilous trip to the summit, which commenced with a 33-mile (53-kilometer) trek through the jungle, crossing swamps and vertical mudslides, and trying to avoid poisonous spiders, snakes, and scorpions. They succeeded in scaling the sheer 2000-foot (approx. 600-meter) cliff face, unlike many who tried for centuries to attempt a similar feat.

Standing at the base of the Paratepui route, hikers are greeted by the immense sight of several waterfalls spilling off the top of Roraima. Once they struggle to the summit, they enter an alien landscape of bizarre rock formations, natural gorges, wildflower gardens, and crystalline pools.

For the Pemón Indians, indigenous people living in Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana, Roraima is the stump of a gigantic tree that once held all the world’s fruits and vegetables.

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