In November 1915, a German officer on leave attended a lecture on relativity given by Albert Einstein. Before joining the Kaiser’s army, that officer, Karl Schwarzschild, was the director of the prestigious Berlin Observatory. Schwarzschild developed an exact solution for Einstein’s theory of general relativity. He sent it to Einstein, who credited Schwarzschild with achieving what Einstein had failed to do.
Schwarzschild realized something else. His equations meant if you compressed a star enough, its gravity would create a bottomless pit from which nothing could escape, even light. It would wink out of existence.