They contain valuable cultural information that symbolizes a specific society’s uniqueness and can help us to understand issues around emotions.
Most of what we understand about the interplay of culture and emotion regulation has focused on the Western world, the East, and differences between the two. In contrast, the way emotions are felt, dealt with, and expressed in African settings is largely understudied.
Tackling Negative Emotions
We analyzed 7,015 Akan proverbs compiled in a book by authors Peggy Appiah, Kwame Anthony Appiah, and Ivor Agyeman-Duah. Of these, 286 proverbs referred to emotions in some way and so were analyzed further.This deeper analysis focused on the type of emotion being described, and what the proverb told us about cultural expectations around emotions.
More than half of the selected 286 proverbs centered on negative emotions. These included hurt, pain, and suffering: for example, “Obaakofoo di due-ne-amane-hunu” (A solitary person deserves condolences); fear; anger—for instance, “Abofuo de asententen na enam” (Anger makes people talk too much); and hatred.
Abofuo te se ohohoo, ontena baakofoo fie (Anger is like a stranger, it does not stay in only one person’s house).
Others were prescriptive:Opanin su a, osu ne tirim (A senior man does not give way to grief in public).
We found that 176 of the proverbs addressed some aspect of emotion regulation. For example, 13 percent of the proverbs suggested situation selection—that is, approaching or avoiding particular people, places, or things directly or indirectly. Others recommended modulating one’s response to any strong emotion.Managing One’s Emotions
The proverbs also suggested that, in Akan culture, people are expected to take individual responsibility for their own emotional experiences. One example of this expectation is found in the proverb, “Onipa ho anto no a, na efiri ono ara” (We are often the cause of our own discontent).And it’s clear from our analysis that Akan people are expected to manage any behavior that affects others’ emotions. Sociable behavior is encouraged, too—with a suggestion that it will benefit an individual in the long run. (For instance, one proverb urges “Kae wo bofoo wow o mmeranteberem ansa na nnabone aba”—always be grateful to your benefactor and he will continue to help you).