Laos became known as the “Forgotten Land” in the years following the Vietnam War. Located between its more popular neighbors—Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia—Laos has been relatively isolated from the West since the war ended and the communist Pathet Lao government took over in 1975.
Living in Laos
Approximately 5 million people live in Laos, with three distinct groups defined by geography. There are the Lowland Lao, the Middle Lao, and the Hmong hill tribes in the north bordering Vietnam. Each group has a distinct dialect, keeping linguists busy.The Hmong people originally migrated from China and live in the most remote northern areas of Laos, where roads and infrastructure are scarce. Some Americans are familiar with the Hmong from when they fought as America’s allies during the Vietnam War, and then were evacuated to the United States following the war to prevent reprisals.
Plain of Jars
One of the most fascinating archeological sites is located near the city of Phonsavan, in Xieng Khouang Province. The site is known as the Plain of Jars. The stone jars are up to 3 meters high and are scattered over a plateau. They are estimated to be approximately 2,000 years old. Archeologists are mystified about how the jars got there and their purpose.
The Lao people have a popular legend that a southern Chinese king, Khoon Chuong, was responsible for the jars. The tale relates that the king and his army defeated the wicked rival ruler, Chao Angka. The king then decided to celebrate with a victory party and ordered the making of the huge stone jars to brew prodigious amounts of the local moonshine, Lao-Lao.
Archeologists actually believe that the jars were funeral urns. The larger the jar, the more important the person. The remains of the dead were placed in the jars and covered with a stone lid. When the body had decomposed, the skeletal remains were removed to a nearby cave for cremation.
Some theorists further speculate that the cave was hewn from rock during the same time period that the jars were made. The cave has several large holes in the roof, which may have acted as a chimney to allow smoke to escape, suggesting a crematorium. Alternatively, the cave may have been used as a kiln to fire the jars.
O'Tailan further notes, “Tools, bronze ornaments, ceramics, and other objects have been found in the jars, indicating that a civilized society was responsible for them, but no one has a clue which one, as the artifacts bear no relations to those left behind by other ancient Indochinese civilizations.”
The ‘Horizontal City’
The old city of Xieng Khouang was razed during the war, with not a single building left standing. Phonsavan was built in its place in the mid-1970s. Today, the air in the city is full of smoke from cookfires and forest-clearing. The dust is also ubiquitous.O'Tailan sums up Laos with his description, “Satisfying all the romantic images of perfumed frangipani trees, saffron-robed monks, rusty old bicycles and golden temples, all set among a rich tapestry of tropical river islands, ethnic minority villages, cascading waterfalls and vivid green rice paddies, and bound together by the mighty Mekong River, the country’s lifeline.”
Fortunately for the visitor, the beauty of Laos has been preserved, and its gradual development hasn’t been at the expense of its culture and unique personality. For those seeking a relaxed lifestyle, beautiful scenery, friendly people, and good food, Laos remains a hidden treasure.