An annual spring checkup gives a deck or porch the TLC it needs to keep it safe, strong, and attractive—and also saves money.
Ever wonder what the difference is between a porch and a deck?
A porch typically extends living space at the front of the house. It adds to curb appeal, strengthens community ties, and is usually covered, though not always. Older homes may have a covered back porch as well.
Decks tend to be less formal areas. At their most basic, they are flat, roofless platforms, either attached to the house or built as a standalone to add private space at the back of the house for relaxation, barbecues, entertaining, and more.
What most porches and decks have in common is their building materials—exterior-grade or composite wood—and their need for regular maintenance, particularly in spring to address any problems caused by their toughest season—winter—before these problems become even more serious. Here’s what to look for in your checkup.
Surface Check
Even if the deck or porch looks to be in great shape, give it a thorough cleaning to remove any winter-accumulated dirt, debris, and mold. Be diligent in sweeping out between boards and in tight corners.This may be a good time to pressure wash with a mild detergent for a deeper clean—just be careful not to damage the surface, whether it’s natural wood or sturdier composite boards. Pressure washer PSI ratings of 1,500 to 2,000 are best. Keep an eye out for rot, particularly in areas prone to snow or moisture build-up.
Also, look for cracked or broken boards, which create pathways for moisture infiltration and can be a trip hazard. Damaged boards will need to be replaced, while rough spots, splinters, and small cracks on the deck surface may simply need to be sanded and resealed. Check for loose screws, nails, and bolts, tightening or replacing them as needed.
Bad Bugs
Even though most modern boards are pressure treated to stand up against wood’s natural enemies, it’s important to check for signs of insect damage: small holes in the wood, sawdust or frass (pellets of waste from tunneling insects), and creaky or soft boards.When in doubt, call in a professional. Pest control companies typically offer termite (wood-eating pest) inspections for free, and the situation needs to be addressed before any repairs are made.
Railing Ritual
Railings are normally required for decks and porches 30 inches or more above grade, though this varies due to local code. If yours has railings, give them a firm shake. Then carefully, but with increasing pressure, lean on them (don’t fall!). They should be able to support an average body weight.Check wood for rot, splinters, or insect damage. Check the top and bottom rails to make sure there are no loose or damaged sections, and keep an eye out for loose, missing, or damaged balusters. Inspect for rusted, loose, or damaged screws or fasteners. Repair as needed. Rotted joists can also cause loose railings, which is why it’s time to head below.
Secure Stairs
While heading down the steps to look at what’s holding it all up, take a moment to check out the stairs themselves, as they get a workout from weather and use and can shift over time.Start by inspecting them for the same rot, insect damage, and loose, rusted, or damaged fasteners as the rest of the deck. Next, look for loose or damaged treads, broken or rotted stair stringers (the structural wood found at each end of the stairs and underneath the center of the staircase), and loose or missing attachments where it meets the porch or deck. Lastly, inspect the entire structure from below for strength and rigidity. Repair as needed.
Joists and Framing
Underneath every beautiful deck or porch is a complex system of joists (side-to-side beams), rim boards (installed at the edges to tie the deck together), ledger boards (attaches a deck to a building wall), and blocking/bridging (boards between the joists to enhance rigidity) that create a deck frame strong enough to support the deck surface above as well as furniture, family, and friends.Inspect it all closely for rot, insect damage, loose or damaged fasteners, sagging joists, and gaping ledger boards, and make sure the outer rim joists are secure.
Pay particular attention to the ledger boards that attach the deck or porch to the home. Look for debris build-up and gaps, and tighten them immediately. Make sure the flashing (sheet metal) or flashing tape over the connections is intact and secure and provides proper water drainage. If the flashing is missing or damaged, it can lead to water infiltration into the home. Key signs of damage include water stains, rot, and mold. Repair immediately.
Holding It All Up
Decks can have one of several types of footers: poured concrete, precast cement, and concrete helical piles. It’s the same inspection process for all: Check for proper water drainage, wood rot, insect infestations, and warped or twisted wood. Repair immediately. If there are any concerns about one’s DIY skill level, this may be a good time to call in a professional.Remember, a fun summer may quite literally rest upon this.
