Smoky: War Hero and World’s First Therapy Dog

A dog saves the day in wartime and after the war brings comfort to those who suffered.
Smoky: War Hero and World’s First Therapy Dog
Smoky as captured in the book “26th Photo” from the 26th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron of the Hawkeye Group under the 5th Air Force. PD-US
Walker Larson
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The man and the dog stood aboard the landing ship as the sea rolled and heaved beneath them, and the distant roar of incoming aircraft reverberated over the ocean. Cpl. William A. Wynne clutched the rails of the Landing Ship, Tank (LST) as his uneasy eyes scanned the darkening sky, and the deck pitched under his feet. Next to him, a tiny, four-pound furball scampered about and yipped, as though its bark could stop the oncoming Japanese air attack. It was a Yorkshire Terrier named Smoky.

The sound of the planes was growing steadily louder, drowning out even the hiss of the sea as the LST cut through the waves. Wynne could see eight black specks emerging from a charcoal-colored cloud to rain hellfire down on the American convoy. Suddenly, the ship’s anti-aircraft guns came to life with ear-stabbing barrages of fire that shook the whole vessel. They hurled barrages of 40 mm and 20 mm shells heavenward. Clouds of black flack bloomed like dark roses against the sky.

In a moment, it was clear that the incoming planes were not intending to drop bombs on the convoy: They were themselves the bombs. These were kamikaze planes, manned by suicide pilots whose mission was to fly their explosive-laced crafts directly into the target.

The anti-aircraft guns battered away, hitting several of the planes before they could make contact. The planes careened into the ocean, sending up geysers of spray. But more planes prowled above, waiting for their chance to stab directly into the heart of one of the American vessels.

As another plane spiraled toward Wynne’s LST, the desire to protect his small, furry companion caused him to grab the dog and hit the deck, lying flat next to a jeep. There was a roar and the sound of splintering metal. When Wynne got to his feet, he saw that eight of his companions had been struck by shrapnel, when a stray shell from a neighboring ship hit the LST. Wynne and Smoky were the only uninjured soldiers in that part of the ship.

Later, Wynne attributed this miraculous escape to his little terrier. “She guided me miraculously to duck incoming shells on an LST (transport ship)—for without the presence of this ‘angel from a foxhole,’ I wouldn’t have bothered to take cover,” Wynne wrote. “That move saved us because eight men who had been standing next to us were hit.”
Wynne called the dog an “angel from a foxhole” because of where it had been found by Wynne’s tentmate, Edward Downey. It was in March of 1944 in the dense jungle of New Guinea. Downey was working to get his jeep out of a patch of mud when he heard a dog’s whimper from nearby.  Damien Lewis narrates in his book “Smoky the Brave,”

“Later, when asked, Downey was never able to explain why he went to investigate. But for whatever reason—curiosity, perhaps—he turned and sloshed his way through the mud to the side of the track. He peered, cautiously, into the shadows that seemed to be the source of the noise. There was an abandoned foxhole by the roadside.”

Inside the foxhole, Downey discovered a small, wet, emaciated dog. He took it back to Nadzab Airfield, passed to another solder, who later sold it to Wynne so that he could get back in a poker game.

A children's book on Smoky and Bill Wynne.
A children's book on Smoky and Bill Wynne.

‘Champion Mascot’

From then on, Smoky became Wynne’s shadow, staying by his side through countless missions and adventures. The dog traveled to many locations in the Pacific with Wynne, including Australia, Biak Island, the Philippines, Okinawa, and Korea. Smoky shared Wynne’s tent and C-rations and rode in his backpack under the glaring equatorial sun. Despite the poor food and intense activity, Smoky never got ill, even under conditions when other war dogs did.
Wynne served as part of the Fifth Air Force’s 26th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron, whose mission was to take photographs of enemy positions. Smoky joined Wynne on 12 rescue and reconnaissance missions and survived over 150 air raids.
Wynne—who had some experience with dogs—trained Smoky over the course of their time together, and he found it to be intelligent and tough. The dog learned over 200 commands and hand signals. It even won the award for “Champion Mascot in the Southwest Pacific Area” from Yank Down Under magazine when Wynne submitted a photo of it perched inside a helmet.
When most people picture a war dog, they think of snarling German Shepherds or bristling Dobermans, not a yipping Yorkshire Terrier. Most terriers are more lapdog than battle dog. Yet Smoky completely upended this expectation by living through a year and a half of combat, enduring extreme conditions in Pacific jungles, surviving typhoons, and faithfully staying by its master’s side. Smoky didn’t receive the special food, veterinary care, or elite training of “official” war dogs, yet arguably outperformed them all.

Through the Pipeline

In one of Smoky’s finest moments, it saved 250 ground crewman from danger by carrying a telegraph wire through a pipe. The incident occurred in January of 1945 in Lingayen Gulf, Luzon during the U.S. invasion of the Philippines. When the U.S. Army Signal Corps was running cable during the construction of a new air base, the servicemen faced heavy bombing attacks. Part of the construction required running a cable through a 70-foot underground pipe only eight inches wide. In an interview with NBC, Wynne narrated what happened:

“I tied a string (tied to the wire) to Smoky’s collar and ran to the other end of the culvert ... (Smoky) made a few steps in and then ran back. `Come, Smoky,’ I said, and she started through again. When she was about 10 feet in, the string caught up and she looked over her shoulder as much as to say, ‘What’s holding us up there?’ The string loosened from the snag and she came on again. By now the dust was rising from the shuffle of her paws as she crawled through the dirt and mold and I could no longer see her. I called and pleaded, not knowing for certain whether she was coming or not. At last, about 20 feet away, I saw two little amber eyes and heard a faint whimpering sound ... at 15 feet away, she broke into a run.”

Smoky completed the mission with flying colors. If she hadn’t, the crew would have needed to dig up a large amount of taxiway, shutting down the runway and exposing the men to constant enemy attacks.

Postwar Legacy

Through all this, Smoky proved as tough as any German Shepherd. Yet its gentler side also contributed to the war effort. It’s generally considered the first therapy dog because of the many visits paid to military hospitals, sometimes performing tricks to cheer the wounded soldiers. Smoky and Wynne continued this type of work for 12 years, well after the close of World War II.

Wynne smuggled Smoky back to the United States after the war in an oxygen mask bag. In addition to continuing to perform therapy work at veteran hospitals, Smoky appeared in television shows. Its fame and remarkable achievements led to the popularization of the Yorkshire Terrier breed.

But finally, Wynne had to say goodbye to Smoky. The dog died in 1957 at the age of 14 and was buried in a .30 caliber ammunition box in Rocky River Reservation. Eventually, a memorial was erected over the gravesite featuring a statue that recreated the famous “mascot” photo of Smoky inside the helmet.

Smoky's monument in Rocky River Reservation in Ohio. (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Aphillcsa">Aphillcsa</a>/<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>)
Smoky's monument in Rocky River Reservation in Ohio. Aphillcsa/CC BY-SA 4.0
Wynne said about the loss of his longtime canine companion, “It is said that time is a healer of wounds. After 43 years, sensitive scars remain. For my buddy Smoky, one thing is certain: The four-pound, seven-inches-tall Yorkie who did everything in both war and peace, is now part of history. I am so proud! But, oh, how I miss you old girl.”
In 1996, Wynne immortalized his memories of the war and the dog who fought it with him in a memoir called “Yorkie Doodle Dandy.” Smoky was posthumously awarded the Animals in War & Peace Distinguished Service Medal.
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Walker Larson
Walker Larson
Author
Prior to becoming a freelance journalist and culture writer, Walker Larson taught literature and history at a private academy in Wisconsin, where he resides with his wife and daughter. He holds a master's in English literature and language, and his writing has appeared in The Hemingway Review, Intellectual Takeout, and his Substack, The Hazelnut. He is also the author of two novels, "Hologram" and "Song of Spheres."