Hanging Low ‘Harvest Moon’ Will Be Bigger as Fourth and Final Supermoon of 2023—What to Know

Hanging Low ‘Harvest Moon’ Will Be Bigger as Fourth and Final Supermoon of 2023—What to Know
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Michael Wing
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Harvest suits autumn like pumpkins suit Halloween, and September’s full moon has played a heroic role in building many a harvest tradition and festival through the ages.

The full moon nearest the fall equinox, the Harvest Moon, sits pinned low on the horizon. It hangs like some giant Jack-o-lantern, seeming to linger longer than usual for the farmers in the fields. So they can finish reaping before the frost. That’s how it was.

Now, the Harvest Moon will arrive, and this year’s will be a supermoon to boot—making the autumn night sky glow even more grandly than usual.

Here are some Harvest Moon facts and folklore, so you can enjoy the lunar event to the fullest.

The Harvest Moon Skinny

At sunset, on Sept. 28, the full moon will rise in the east at 9:30 p.m. your local time. But it won’t reach peak illumination until exactly 5:57 a.m. EDT the next day. So, technically speaking, it falls on the 29th.

As for its festive name, Harvest Moon garnered this traditional Western moniker for its role in, well, the harvest. As the days leading into winter grew shorter, for ages farmers labored to bring in their crops before winter set in.

The full Harvest Moon rises on the top of Burrow Mump on October 5, 2017 in Somerset, England. (Matt Cardy/Getty Images)
The full Harvest Moon rises on the top of Burrow Mump on October 5, 2017 in Somerset, England. Matt Cardy/Getty Images

Low on the horizon, the moon seemed to loiter in defiance of the very moon cycles, offering a few more hours of illumination so they might work into the night. Those were the days before they had electricity, yet the name Harvest Moon lingers today.

The Harvest Moon is also special from a scientific standpoint. Unlike other moon names, this one denotes an astronomical event; by definition, the Harvest Moon is the full moon nearest to the fall equinox. This year’s equinox is on Sept. 23, at 2:49 a.m. EDT. Most other moon names—save the Hunter’s Moon—are tied to their calendrical month.

Occasionally, October full moons are closer to this astronomical event, in which case they are the Harvest Moon. What of September’s full moon if that event falls in October? It takes on a different name: the Corn Moon.

Late summer and early fall correspond to corn harvest in much of the United States, hence many Native American tribes called September’s full moon by this indigenous kernelled crop. It has been called the Corn Maker’s Moon and the Corn Hunter’s Moon, according to almanac.com.
There are more Native American names for September’s full moon:
  • Autumn Moon (Cree)
  • Falling Leaves Moon (Ojibwe)
  • Leaves Turning Moon (Anishinaabe)
  • Moon of Brown Leaves (Lakota)
  • Yellow Leaf Moon (Assiniboine)

The Harvest Moon: A Lantern From Heaven?

The Harvest Moon paired with the fall equinox is made more special for its effect of stubbornly sticking around, quite audaciously and observably, appearing to delay the moon’s very orbit.

The moon circles Earth from west to east once per month, such that the moonrise is a bit later every day, by about 50 minutes on average. This daily lag gives rise to moon cycles—ranging from full moon, all the way to new moon.

An orange "Harvest Moon" rises over Manassas, Virginia, on Sept. 26, 2007. (KAREN BLEIER/AFP via Getty Images)
An orange "Harvest Moon" rises over Manassas, Virginia, on Sept. 26, 2007. KAREN BLEIER/AFP via Getty Images

How strange that this lunar schedule now changes! For a short period, just a few days during the equinox, the moon’s delay decreases to about 20 to 30 minutes, depending on where it’s viewed from. Higher latitudes present less delay, or even, yes, a standstill.

The reason? The phenomenon has been called the Harvest Moon effect, and some attribute it to a peculiar angle of the elliptic—that vast imaginary plane of the solar system that the orbits of the Earth, planets, and moon generally all tend to follow—that occurs only during equinoxes. Yet it seems even mystery to many experts. A harvest miracle, maybe?

Regardless, it makes the moon stick, somehow, or appear so, letting farmers finish their work as the chill of winter creeps in.

The moon rises over Boston City Hall Plaza on Sept. 27, 2015, in Boston, Massachusetts. (Mike Lawrie/Getty Images)
The moon rises over Boston City Hall Plaza on Sept. 27, 2015, in Boston, Massachusetts. Mike Lawrie/Getty Images

This applies to the Northern Hemisphere; south of the equator, it’s another story. Seasons are reversed with winter occurring during our summer and said special effect occurring during March’s vernal equinox, six months later.

Adding to the special effects, Harvest Moons can appear both larger and orange-hued, and this is due to their being near the horizon. That can create the optical illusion of being larger, while pollution or smoke in the atmosphere can contribute to a festive pumpkin glow.

A Super Harvest Moon

The old, rural ways of society are long gone. But if farmers gaze at the Harvest Moon, they might find it brighter than usual this year. That’s because it will also be a supermoon.

Supermoons are full moons that seem larger and brighter than normal. The moon’s orbit is elliptical, not round, so sometimes it’s closer to Earth, and at other times further away. When a full moon is near the closest point to Earth, or perigee, it becomes a supermoon.

The full Harvest Moon rises over the ruins of St. Michael's Church, a scheduled monument on the top of Burrow Mump on Oct. 5, 2017, in Somerset, England. (Matt Cardy/Getty Images)
The full Harvest Moon rises over the ruins of St. Michael's Church, a scheduled monument on the top of Burrow Mump on Oct. 5, 2017, in Somerset, England. Matt Cardy/Getty Images
You might not notice the larger size with your naked human eyes (they can appear 7% larger, according to NASA), but they are often observably brighter (by as much as 16%). This Harvest Moon will be the fourth supermoon in a row and the last of 2023.
As for where to look, rising in the east at 9:30 p.m. your local time on Sept. 28, it will appear in the constellation Pisces as most Harvest Moons do, according to Earthsky.org. Yet this isn’t always so; every three years, they reside in Aquarius. And sometimes, very rarely, they do appear in the whale constellation, Cetus.
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Michael Wing
Michael Wing
Editor and Writer
Michael Wing is a writer and editor based in Calgary, Canada, where he was born and educated in the arts. He writes mainly on culture, human interest, and trending news.
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