What are the toxic effects of chocolate? How much does it take to make a dog sick?
Once I entered the veterinary field, I learned how dangerous chocolate can be for dogs. Part of the problem is that dogs devour chocolate until it’s gone, ingesting more than even I, who love the sweet, can eat at one sitting.
Fortunately, you witnessed Riley’s indiscretion and acted quickly. If you hadn’t, he might have experienced significant toxicity.
The clinical signs depend on the dose and type of chocolate. Toxicity follows ingestion of cocoa powder at a “dose” of 0.01 ounces per pound of the dog’s body weight, baking chocolate at 0.02 ounces per pound, semisweet chocolate at 0.06 ounces per pound, and milk chocolate at 0.15 ounces per pound of body weight.
Knowing the type of chocolate ingested is important because various types contain different amounts of theobromine and caffeine, chemicals called methylxanthines (METH‘-ul-ZAN’-theenes) that are toxic to dogs. Pure chocolate contains the most, while chocolate diluted with milk, sugar, and other ingredients has smaller concentrations.
Cocoa powder contains 800 milligrams of methylxanthine per ounce; baking chocolate, 440 milligrams per ounce; semisweet chocolate, 160 milligrams per ounce; and milk chocolate, 60 milligrams per ounce.
Methylxanthine doses of 10 to 20 milligrams per pound of the dog’s body weight cause restlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea. At 20 to 25 milligrams per pound, dogs develop hyperactivity, agitation, and loss of coordination. Larger doses cause rapid heartbeat, abnormal heart rhythm, tremors, seizures, coma, and death.
So, a 50-pound dog that eats a 16-ounce bag of semisweet chocolate chips ingests 2,560 milligrams of methylxanthines, or 51 milligrams per pound of body weight, which may be fatal. Had the dog eaten the same amount of milk chocolate chips, he would have ingested 960 milligrams of methylxanthines, or 19 milligrams per pound, which would have been less toxic.
To make matters worse, dogs metabolize methylxanthines slower than humans. Therefore, these chemicals reach higher levels in dogs’ blood, and they remain there for up to three or four days.
If Riley ever raids the chocolate again, contact your veterinarian immediately or take him to an emergency clinic. Post these animal poison control phone numbers on your refrigerator:
ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, 888-426-4435
Pet Poison Helpline, 855-764-7661
If Purrdue ignores her special den, lay a trail of cat treats to the carrier’s door. Place a few treats and some catnip inside to encourage her to enter.
Spray the inside of the carrier with Feliway, the feline facial pheromone that signals relaxation and security.
Feed Purrdue near her carrier, gradually moving her food dish closer to the door and eventually placing it inside her carrier.
If these ideas don’t help Purrdue feel content in her carrier, talk with her veterinarian about prescribing anti-anxiety medication to be given before her veterinary visits.
