Pentagon Concedes ‘Awareness Gap’ That Caused Failure to Detect 3 Chinese Spy Balloons During Trump Years

General Glen VanHerck, Commander of U.S. Northern Command and North American Aerospace Defense Command, testifies during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on Capitol Hill March 24, 2022 in Washington. Drew Angerer/Getty Images

A top U.S. general charged with monitoring the nation’s airspace said that the military didn’t detect previous incursions into U.S. airspace by Chinese spy balloons.

Air Force Gen. Glen VanHerck, who serves as commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), said that Chinese spy balloons previously went undetected on at least three occasions during the Trump administration.

“I will tell you that we did not detect those threats, and that’s a domain awareness gap,” VanHerck said during a press briefing on Feb. 6.

The appearance of a Chinese communist spy balloon over the continental United States this past week has raised concerns about the United States’s military and political readiness, as well as its ability to simply respond to possibly hostile violations of its sovereignty.

VanHerck said that NORAD, which is jointly operated by the United States and Canada, first detected the spy balloon on Jan. 28 over the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, although President Joe Biden has said he wasn’t briefed on the matter until Feb. 1.

The balloon was allowed to continue flying over U.S. airspace until it was shot down off the South Carolina coast on Feb. 4.

VanHerck said that the U.S. military and intelligence agencies exercised “maximum precaution to prevent any intelligence collection” from the spy balloon, and had also worked to collect information of their own about China’s capabilities.

He said that the incident provided the United States with “unique opportunities” to conduct counterintelligence against the balloon but declined to comment on what capabilities were deployed to covertly examine the balloon.

To that end, VanHerck did say that the intelligence gathered from the balloon and how it operated was “well worth” the wait of shooting it down.

He added that U.S. intelligence determined the previous flights after the fact based on “additional means of collection” of intelligence without offering further details on whether that might be cyber espionage, telephone intercepts, or human sources.

Earlier on Feb. 6, White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan said that since Biden took office, the United States “enhanced” its surveillance capabilities to allow it to “detect things that the Trump administration was unable to detect.”

As a result, “we were able to go back and look at the historical patterns“ and uncover ”multiple instances” during the Trump administration in which Chinese surveillance balloons traversed American airspace and territory, Sullivan said at a Feb. 6 event hosted by the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition.

Over the weekend, former President Donald Trump and several top U.S. officials during his administration said that they were never briefed on Chinese balloons entering U.S. airspace. The Biden administration has since offered to brief former Trump officials on the matter.

The presence of a so-called awareness gap in U.S. and Chinese balloon technologies is important due to the increasing prevalence of such devices for collecting surveillance and even as weapons of war.

Communist China previously tested the use of high-altitude balloons for dropping hypersonic missiles, and the United States has also looked into using the technology for deploying swarms of drones equipped with explosives.

Eva Fu and Reuters contributed to this report.