Hong Kong’s 25th Anniversary Celebration

A man holding a child walks in front of a screen showing a live broadcast of Chinese leader Xi Jinping speaking during a swearing-in ceremony for Hong Kong's new chief executive, John Lee, on July 1, 2022, in Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong celebrates the 25th anniversary of its handover from Britain to China on July 1. Anthony Kwan/Getty Images

Commentary

As Hong Kong, or perhaps more accurately its government, prepared to celebrate a quarter century as a special autonomous region (SAR) of China and the inauguration of a new chief executive, Beijing’s hand-picked candidate John Lee, the atmosphere was more one of manufactured gaiety than genuine joy.

District councils and sundry “patriotic” organizations put up gaudy decorations. At the same time, the media speculated about whether Chinese leader Xi Jinping would or would not show up, reminding this observer of the line from the nursery rhyme “the stockings were hung by the chimney with care in hope that Saint Nicholas would soon be there.”

If so, commentators said, it would be the first time in over two years that Xi had appeared outside China—though how much Hong Kong ought to be considered outside China is questionable, and indeed sometimes the press added outside “mainland” China as clarification. In any case, Xi was already on record for affirming his “deep feelings” for Hong Kong, with a People’s Daily article headlined “Hong Kong’s Development is Always Close to My Heart,” presenting a compilation of his statements that highlighted his “care” for the SAR over the decades.

Putting an end to the suspense, Xi arrived, though not by plane but via high-speed rail, greeted by an enthusiastic albeit carefully vetted group waving identical tiny flags. He didn’t stay long, inspecting the city’s high-tech area, attending a banquet, and then taking the train back to the mainland. He came back the next day for John Lee’s inauguration, where he made a speech that, in true Orwellian fashion, praised the “one country, two systems” policy that he had brutally destroyed and declared that “there is no reason to change such a good system, and it must be adhered to in the long run.”

Hong Kong’s unique status and advantages must be maintained while upholding the central authorities’ jurisdiction and the administration of patriots. Xi quickly returned home after skipping the traditional flag-raising ceremony due to heavy rains.

Police have installed water-filled barriers outside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center, where the inauguration ceremony of the newly-appointed Chief Executive John Lee will take place in Hong Kong on June 27, 2022. Kin Cheung/AP Photo

Hong Kong officials extolled the many good things that had happened since 1997, when dignitaries stood gamely in the perhaps symbolically pouring rain as the British flag was pulled down and the Chinese flag raised. Typical was a statement by Financial Secretary Paul Chan Mo-po expressing confidence in the future development of what he described as a critical juncture of maintaining stability while seeking prosperity.

Although delicately admitting that the city had experienced “some turbulence” in the past, it had, said Chan, quickly returned from chaos to stability with the passage of the National Security Law (NSL). To ensure future prosperity, he advised, Hong Kong must further integrate itself into China’s overall national development.

In fact, the 2019 demonstrations Chan alluded to were but the culmination of escalating levels of popular protest ever since Beijing, soon after assuming jurisdiction, began to erode the pledges it had given Britain in the handover agreement—in 1999 when China’s rubber-stamp legislature, the National People’s Congress, overruled the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeals judgment on the right of abode; in 2003 over a proposed national security law; in the 2014 “Umbrella Movement” when Beijing reneged on its promise for direct elections; and finally in the 2019 uprising when up to 2 million people took to the streets to oppose a bill that would allow the extradition of Hong Kong residents to the mainland to be tried under its harsh and opaque legal system.

Their efforts failed, resulting in the 2020 NSL that punished advocates of secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or with external elements to endanger national security. Conveniently ambiguous, the law in effect allowed for prosecution for almost anything the authorities deemed to endanger national security, including people whose only offense was that they had contributed to a fund to defray the legal expenses of those already arrested before the law went into effect.

As banners floated aloft, the atmosphere at ground level was more somber. The mood ranged from sullen to fearful, apprehensive, and resigned to indifferent. Many pro-democracy activists had fled the country or been arrested, the latter including the 90-year-old Cardinal Joseph Zen, though he was later released on bail.

Cardinal Joseph Zen, the recipient of the Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom, speaks at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation's ceremony in his honor at the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill in Washington on Jan. 28, 2019. Samira Bouaou/The Epoch Times

The trial of a group of top democratic politicians and campaigners known collectively as the Hong Kong 47 is scheduled to begin later this year.

The former chief of the Hong Kong Bar Association, a UK citizen, left out of concern with the NSL, and two British judges resigned from the high court for similar reasons.

The annual commemoration for the victims of the June 4, 1989, Tiananmen massacre could not be held, with religious and human rights authorities urging people to hold quiet remembrances in the privacy of their own homes rather than risk arrest.

Symbolic affirmations that Beijing, not the people of Hong Kong, were the arbiters of the acceptable abounded. Among the most meaningful was the removal of the Pillar of Shame sculpture from the campus of Hong Kong University at Christmastime 2021. When its Danish creator requested the monument’s return to the victims of the Tiananmen Square massacre, no shipping company was willing to undertake the task.

Two other universities quickly followed suit: The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) removed its Goddess of Democracy, and Lingnan University tore down a bas-relief memorializing the 1989 crackdown. When CUHK students placed flowers where the Goddess had stood, and lit candles spelling “mourn,” the university’s administration, citing potential national security law breaches and exploiting the campus for political purposes, dissolved the school’s student union.

Descending to the level of the absurd, a stamp issued to commemorate Hong Kong’s 25th handover changed the color of the students’ school uniforms from yellow to white, presumably due to its association with the 2014 Umbrella Movement: the bright yellow umbrellas that the protestors used to shield themselves from tear gas attacks resulted in the use of the color itself arousing suspicion.

In another example of historical nihilism, school textbooks to be used from fall 2022 state that Hong Kong was never a British colony since the Qing government did not recognize the treaties of cession. The document, of which original copies survive, bears the government’s signature and seal. Students will also learn in their new textbooks that external forces instigated the 2019 “social unrest,” which threatened national security.”

The president of the Hong Kong Lawyers Association, Chan Chak-ming, declared that the NSL was “not particularly harsh” since it did not impose death penalties. And despite the offices of Hong Kong’s remaining independent media and human rights organizations being raided by police, their files seized, and their personnel arrested, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam stated that the SAR has freedom of the press.

Her successor, John Lee, who ran unopposed, is apt to be more rather than less strict. His background of 35 years in police work has not predisposed him to sympathy for human rights, with the outspoken Chris Patten, Hong Kong’s last governor under British rule, declaring that “Lee wouldn’t know what the rule of law was if it hit him in the eye with a plastic baton.”

Chinese leader Xi Jinping (right) and Hong Kong's new chief executive, John Lee, at a swearing-in ceremony in Hong Kong, China, on July 1, 2022. Justin Chin/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Lee has announced his intention to fast-track additions to Hong Kong’s Basic Law in an effort to cover any gaps not yet covered by the NSL and to ban “fake news,” interpreted by Hong Kong Watch CEO Benedict Rogers, now living in London, as a euphemism for any news the government dislikes.

The major question is whither Hong Kong. Carrie Lam’s and Chan Chak-ming’s views notwithstanding, there is general agreement that Hong Kong’s once-vibrant civil society is dead. In the words of a long-time resident, Hong Kong is being treated like a naughty pupil being made to stand in a corner as long as the teacher pleases.

People are leaving if they can. Although the numbers are not enormous, she adds, those who emigrate tend to be from the professional and intellectual strata, with those remaining either apolitical or unable to move for personal or business reasons. In a best-case scenario for the government, mainland professionals, who have never had the rights that Hong Kong people enjoyed and therefore will not protest their absence, will fill the places left by those who have emigrated.

How much this will affect Hong Kong’s ability to further integrate itself with the mainland while simultaneously maintaining its status as a leading financial center remains to be seen. Hong Kong has consistently declared itself open for business, but how many investors will come is a major unknown.

Many financial analysts see the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as overly dependent on Chinese capital, with Chinese companies accounting for almost 80 percent of its market. London’s Financial Times quoted former HKEX board member David Webb saying, “They should’ve done much more over the last 30 years to promote Hong Kong as the Asian financial hub and not just a mainland Chinese financial hub.“

Should the Chinese financial bubble burst, as has been predicted for some years, the contraction will have severe consequences for Hong Kong.

A general view of the Central financial district during sunset in Hong Kong, China, on March 11, 2021. Tyrone Siu/Reuters

Although some businesses have left or have transferred assets elsewhere, most seem willing to stay put and even cooperate. These include corporations that style themselves champions of liberal values, such as Disney, whose streaming service dropped an episode of “The Simpsons” when it launched its platform in Hong Kong. The offending segment showed a large sign in Tiananmen Square that read, “on this site in 1989, nothing happened.”

When the government was concerned that few voters would go to the polls for a “patriots-only” election whose results were never in doubt, many big businesses hastened to cooperate. For example, Big Four accounting giant KPMG offered employees a day off after certifying that they had cast their ballots.

And the Asia chair of the prestigious American law firm Davis Polk and Wardell pronounced himself “honored” to speak at a Hong Kong government forum commemorating the passage of the NSL, having publicly endorsed it a year before by saying that “at the heart of everything Hong Kong government’s success is the rule of law.”

It is difficult to believe that an official of an internationally renowned law firm regarded the NSL as the rule of law. The official was later shamed into withdrawing, saying, again incredibly, that his “agreement to participate did not reflect an endorsement or support of any topics discussed or individuals or organizations involved.”

The latter is likely to triumph in a conflict between ethics and profit. However, there will be a cost: Homogenization with the mainland while somehow insisting that Hong Kong can remain unique is logically impossible. Blessed with scenic beauty, an ideal geographic location, and state-of-the-art infrastructure, Hong Kong will continue to be a center for international commerce, albeit perhaps at a lower level than before. But as an expat who has decided to stay lamented, its human core is rotting.

Views expressed in this article are opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.