OmegaThe most in-depth analysis to date confirms the importance of consuming sufficient quantities of omega-3 fats to prevent cardiovascular disease.
The meta-analysis, published in the peer-reviewed journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings, reviewed 40 clinical trials, and the multi-disciplinary team of researchers delivered an authoritative rallying cry for including more EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) omega-3 fats in your diet, citing their significant cardioprotective effects.
Omega-3 Fats: Are You Getting Enough?
This expanded review of a previously published meta-analysis analyzed the observed effects of all randomized control trials with EPA/DHA supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes published before August 2019. Examined outcomes included myocardial infarction (MI)—commonly called a heart attack—coronary heart disease (CHD) events, CVD events (a composite of MI, angina, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, sudden death, and non-scheduled cardiovascular surgical interventions), CHD mortality and fatal MI.The study[i] found that EPA and DHA supplementation is associated with significantly reduced risks of having a cardiovascular event and reduced risks of dying from such an event. The risk reduction broke down as follows:
- Fatal myocardial infarction—35 percent lower risk
- Myocardial infarction—13 percent lower risk
- CHD events—10 percent lower risk
- CHD mortality—9 percent lower risk[ii]
Benefits of Omega-3s Are Dose-Dependent
Study authors noted that whatever amount of EPA and DHA you are getting in your normal diet, supplementation is likely required to receive maximum cardioprotective benefits. A 1,000-milligram increase in daily omega-3 consumption decreased the risk of cardiovascular disease events by 5.8 percent and heart attack by 9 percent. The study examined dosages of up to 5,500 milligrams (mg) per day and discovered that benefits are dose-dependent.[iv]The new research corroborates a 2019 meta-analysis by Harvard School of Public Health researchers and represents all of the research to date, encompassing more than 135,000 study participants.[v] Study co-author Aldo Bernasconi, Ph.D., stated:
“When separate analyses arrive at similar results, that’s not only validating, it also underscores the science base needed to inform future intake recommendations. Because this paper included more studies and all dosages, the estimates for a dose-response are more precise and the conclusions stronger.”[vi]
Supplemental Omega-3s Protect Against Heart Disease
EPA and DHA are the primary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin.[vii] Foods like anchovies, sardines and wild-caught salmon are highly nutritious options for getting these heart-healthy fats into your diet, however, study co-author Dr. Carl Lavie suggests that any patient with CVD should consider supplementing as well.Lavie suggests omega-3 supplementation at doses of 1,000 to 2,000 mg per day—far higher than what is typical, even among people who regularly eat fish, adding:
“Given the safety and diminished potential for interaction with other medications, the positive results of this study strongly suggest omega-3 supplements are a relatively low-cost, high impact way to improve heart health and should be considered as part of a standard preventive treatment for most patients with and those recovering from myocardial infarction.”[viii]As demonstrated on the Greenmedinfo.com database, Omega-3 fats have been shown in numerous studies to decrease the risk of heart attack death[ix] and to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in CHD patients.[x] With at least 61 distinct health benefits, omega-3 fats have been shown to improve mood disorders such as bipolar depression[xi] as well as blood pressure[xii] and diabetes[xiii] symptoms, making them important not only for heart health but your overall health as well.
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References
[i] Aldo A. Bernasconi, Michelle M. Wiest, Carl J. Lavie, Richard V. Milani, Jari A. Laukkanen. Effect of Omega-3 Dosage on Cardiovascular Outcomes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.034[ii] Elsevier. (2020, September 17). Authoritative new analysis links increased omega-3 intake to cardioprotection and improved cardiovascular outcomes: Study indicates that EPA and DHA supplementation reduces multiple types of cardiovascular risk. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200917084102.htm
[iii] World Health Organization, Health Topics, Cardiovascular Diseases, https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/
[iv] Elsevier. (2020, September 17). Authoritative new analysis links increased omega-3 intake to cardioprotection and improved cardiovascular outcomes: Study indicates that EPA and DHA supplementation reduces multiple types of cardiovascular risk. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200917084102.htm
[v] Elsevier. (2020, September 17). Authoritative new analysis links increased omega-3 intake to cardioprotection and improved cardiovascular outcomes: Study indicates that EPA and DHA supplementation reduces multiple types of cardiovascular risk. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200917084102.htm
[vi] Elsevier. (2020, September 17). Authoritative new analysis links increased omega-3 intake to cardioprotection and improved cardiovascular outcomes: Study indicates that EPA and DHA supplementation reduces multiple types of cardiovascular risk. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200917084102.htm
[vii] Aldo A. Bernasconi, Michelle M. Wiest, Carl J. Lavie, Richard V. Milani, Jari A. Laukkanen. Effect of Omega-3 Dosage on Cardiovascular Outcomes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2020; DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.034
[viii] Elsevier. (2020, September 17). Authoritative new analysis links increased omega-3 intake to cardioprotection and improved cardiovascular outcomes: Study indicates that EPA and DHA supplementation reduces multiple types of cardiovascular risk. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200917084102.htm
[ix] Ariane König, Colleen Bouzan, Joshua T Cohen, William E Connor, Penny M Kris-Etherton, George M Gray, Robert S Lawrence, David A Savitz, Steven M Teutsch. A quantitative analysis of fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality. Am J Prev Med. 2005 Nov;29(4):335-46. PMID: 16242600
[x] Yun-Tao Zhao, Qiang Chen, Ya-Xun Sun, Xue-Bin Li, Ping Zhang, Yuan Xu, Ji-Hong Guo. Prevention of sudden cardiac death with omega-3 fatty acids in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Med. 2009;41(4):301-10. PMID: 19148838
[xi] Yamima Osher, R H Belmaker. Omega-3 fatty acids in depression: a review of three studies. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2009;15(2):128-33. PMID: 19499625
[xii] G K Paschos, F Magkos, D B Panagiotakos, V Votteas, A Zampelas. Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lowers blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;61(10):1201-6. Epub 2007 Jan 31. PMID: 17268413
[xiii] Alin Stirban, Simona Nandrean, Christian Götting, Ronald Tamler, Alexandra Pop, Monica Negrean, Thomas Gawlowski, Bernd Stratmann, Diethelm Tschoepe. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on macro- and microvascular function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan 13. Epub 2010 Jan 13. PMID: 20071644
