The Chinese regime has been rolling out free-trade zones (FTZs) in recent years in an effort to entice foreign investments in the country. Since its initial effort in Shanghai in 2013, China has now expanded to about 20 FTZs.
Hainan, which is roughly the size of Maryland, was designated an FTZ by Chinese leader Xi Jinping in April 2018. That month, China’s cabinet-like State Council announced a guideline outlining reforms and measures that the provincial government should undertake, including how the proposed FTZ should later transition to a free port “with Chinese characteristics.”
Among the recommended measures were how the Hainan government should become an important technological hub with its own management system to welcome foreign high-tech experts, and support Beijing’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI, also known as “One Belt, One Road”) and “military-civil fusion” (MCF) policies.
These two CCP policies have drawn international criticism in recent years, with critics arguing that China’s BRI—an investment initiative Beijing rolled out in 2013 to build up trade routes linking China and other parts of the world—has steered developing countries into a “debt trap.”
The State Council’s guideline concluded by emphasizing the importance of the Hainan government to “strengthen the Party’s leadership” in all aspects of works in the province.
The leaked document, issued by the municipal government in Hainan’s capital, Haikou, in May 2018, outlined strategies for how local authorities should entice Chinese and foreign companies—in particular those in the Fortune Global 500 list—to set up headquarters or regional offices at Hainan’s FTZ. The document emphasized that the strategies were made in accordance with the State Council’s guidelines.
For example, the document said it was important to have well-known global accounting, law, and product testing and certification companies create offices in the FTZ to “create a business environment that complies with internationally accepted rules.”
Gu Gang and Sun Shiwen, who were both deputy mayors in Haikou at the time, were assigned to reach out to the “Big Four” accounting firms—UK-based PwC and Ernst & Young, Netherlands-based KPMG, and New York-based Deloitte—according to the document.
Another deputy mayor, Ju Lei, was tasked to reach out to foreign high-tech companies. According to the document, these companies included the U.S.-based companies Apple, Dell Technologies, and Microsoft, South Korea-based Samsung Electronics, Japan-based Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings, and Taiwan-based chipmaker TSMC.
Having major companies establish their business in Hainan served one purpose, the document stated, which was to “speed up the transformation and upgrade of [the] province’s economic structure and build a modern economy system.”
Finally, the document set out a goal of having at least five companies from the Fortune Global 500 set up offices at the FTZ before the end of 2018.
On March 11, the Hainan FTZ announced on its official website that 11 Fortune Global 500 companies, including China’s state-owned Datang Corp., had set up business at one of its 11 industrial parks. Datang, a power generation firm, was ranked 465 on the Fortune Global 500 list in 2020.
Since 2018, the Haikou municipal government has continued its efforts to entice companies through financial incentives.
The policy also included government subsidies of no more than 3 million yuan in five years for companies that take out rental spaces at the FTZ.
Hainan has been a key venue for the CCP officials to interact with foreign business leaders since 2002, when the province held its first Boao Forum for Asia. The Boao is known as China’s equivalent of Davos, an annual conference held in Switzerland by the nonprofit organization The World Economic Forum to boost public-private sector cooperation.
