Two people have died of invasive meningococcal disease in Toronto as the number of cases rise to 13 so far this year, the highest tally seen annually since 2002, the city’s health unit says.
Associate Medical Officer of Health Dr. Vinita Dubey told The Epoch Times via email that a number of the cases occurred in April and May and that more cases are likely.
“While we cannot predict what will occur for the remainder of the year, we will continue to monitor invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) activity,” Dr. Dubey said. “The average number of cases seen in a year is 6, and we have already had 13 into early June.”
The bacterial disease can affect anyone but it is most common in children under five years old, as well as in teens and young adults who have not been vaccinated, the health unit said.
Other Reports of IMD
A rise in IMD cases was also reported earlier this year in Kingston, Ont., Manitoba, and Quebec’s Eastern Townships.
In addition, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS health officials in February issued an advisory after confirming two IMD cases, one of which was fatal, in Quebec’s Eastern Townships.
What Is IMD and How Is it Treated?
IMD is a severe, potentially fatal disease that stems from the Neisseria meningitides bacteria, according to Health Canada. The bacteria can invade the brain and spinal cord, causing meningitis or it can cause an infection of the bloodstream, known as septicemia.The infection is typically spread through saliva and nose secretions during “close, direct contact,” the health agency said.
“Some people carry this bacterium in their throat or nose without getting sick” but can pass it on to those around them when kissing, coughing, and sneezing, Health Canada said.
It can also be spread by living in close quarters, or by sharing food or drinks, toothbrushes, mouth guards, cigarettes, lipstick, toys, musical instruments, or other things that have been in or near the mouth of a person with the disease.
Symptoms typically develop two to 10 days after exposure, according to Health Canada, and can include sudden fever, drowsiness, irritability or fussiness, intense headache, vomiting, a stiff neck, and a skin rash beginning as reddish/purplish spots that spread rapidly. Severe cases can result in hallucination, coma and, if untreated, can lead to death.
IMD can cause death in up to 10 percent of infected people and as many as one-third of survivors have permanent disabilities such as deafness, brain damage, seizures and other problems with the nervous system, and amputation of one or more limbs.
Diagnosis of the disease is based on symptom identification and laboratory test results, Health Canada said.
“Only your health-care provider can diagnose invasive meningococcal disease using laboratory test results and examining your physical symptoms. See your doctor early if you suspect you may have meningitis since early treatment is more effective.”
IMD is treated with antibiotics for three to seven days and can usually stop the bacteria from spreading within 24 hours of treatment.
