The Parti Québécois, the bastion of the push for Quebec independence for so many years, is floundering due to dwindling support and a changing political landscape. At just 17 percent popular support, the PQ had its worst-ever showing in the last Quebec election.
However, as the party heads toward choosing a new leader this summer, it finds itself buoyed by the renewed popularity of the federal Bloc Quebecois.
“The good showing of the Bloc in the federal election was due to many things, but definitely not to its stance on separatism,” says Brooke Jeffrey, professor of political science at Concordia University.
Instead, Jeffrey credits BQ leader Yves-François Blanchet for “portraying the Bloc as a sort of harmless interest group that would simply represent Quebec’s interests in Ottawa, and to his strong support for the provincial Bill 21.”
The Parti Québécois was founded in 1968 and ruled Quebec with majority governments in 1976-85 and 1994-2003, and with a minority from 2012-2014. Leader Jean-François Lisée failed to win his seat in 2018 and immediately resigned. Its 90,000 voting members will pick a new leader on Aug. 28.
PQ support dwindled following the emergence of another sovereigntist party, Québec Solidaire, which has taken an increasing percentage of the vote ever since it was founded in 2007. In the last election it gained 10 seats, just like the PQ.
The PQ is less socialist and more fiscally conservative than Québec Solidaire. But this split of the sovereigntist vote will make it difficult for the PQ to regain official opposition status, let alone unseat Premier Francois Legault and his Coalition Avenir Québec.
An Ipsos Reid poll on April 9 showed an unprecedented 96 percent support for Legault, largely due to his response to the pandemic.
“The pandemic totally boosted Legault’s popularity,” says Daniel Bernier of Earnscliffe Strategy Group. “Even Churchill couldn’t have been that popular in the Second World War.”
But on May 11, Legault had to backtrack on his target to open Montreal stores, schools, and daycares after Quebec’s national health institute released new worst-case-scenario projections. Now the premier admits he might have to forfeit his current target of May 25 to a date as late as September.
Jacqueline Biollo, principal consultant with Aurora Strategy Group, believes this backpedalling has made Legault more vulnerable.
“Leadership, communication, and clarity are key, especially in unprecedented times like we are experiencing now with COVID-19,” Biollo says. “Montreal remains the epicentre of COVID-19 in the provinces.”
Even so, whatever portion of 96 percent support Legault can maintain will serve him well.
“Most observers agree incumbent governments, if they are seen to do well on this [pandemic response], will have a significant advantage in the next election they face,” Jeffrey says. “But the CAQ was already well positioned—really quite remarkable given its short lifespan.”
The CAQ was co-founded by Legault and businessman Charles Sirois in 2011. It took 19 seats in its first election in 2012, 22 in 2014, and 74 in 2018 to win a majority government.
The Quebec Liberal Party received 31 seats to form the official opposition, and will be led into the next campaign by their first-ever female leader, Dominique Anglade.
“I think the PQ has very little chance in the next election, regardless of who takes over as leader,” Jeffrey says. “When a comedian is the candidate with the most name recognition, I think the party is in serious trouble.”
Jeffrey is referring to Guy Nantel, the 51-year-old Montrealer who has been a comedian since 1988. Nantel distinguished himself from other candidates by proposing free education for university undergrads.
Leadership contenders with political experience include Sylvain Gaudreault, a former interim leader of the party, and Paul Saint-Pierre Plamondon, who placed fourth in the 2016 leadership race. History teacher Frédéric Bastien, businessman Laurent Vézina, and lawyer Gloriane Blais round out the list.
“I suspect Sylvain Gaudreault is likely to have the best chance because he knows the internal workings of the party operation, but honestly I don’t think it is possible at this point to predict a winner with much conviction,” Jeffrey says.
“The next leader of the Parti Quebecois needs to be charismatic, needs to be able to drive a broader message, because that is the crisis that the Parti Quebecois is going through also,“ Bernier says. ”They’re needing to find their space and their place.”
Biollo believes the PQ now has “an opportunity to reform itself, reform its relationship with society, and recognize that the party itself is in danger of becoming politically irrelevant.”
“The silver lining is that there is always an opportunity to engage the traditional electoral base while building a relationship with the undecided voters,” she says.
