National Downtown Vacancy Rate Rises to Record High

A construction crane is seen above Brookfield's Bay Adelaide North, the third office tower to be constructed at their Bay Adelaide Centre complex property in Toronto, on April 14, 2021. Chris Helgren/Reuters

Canada’s downtown office vacancy rate rose to a record high of 19.4 percent in the final quarter of 2023, due in part to weak demand in the country’s largest city, according to a report from real estate and investment firm CBRE.

The lacklustre performance of the Toronto market brought the city’s vacancy rate to its own record high of 17.4 percent—up from 15.8 percent just a quarter earlier, the report found. Although the increase sits at less than 2 percent, it is up substantially from pre-COVID years when Toronto’s downtown vacancy rate hovered at approximately 2 percent.

The report attributes the most recent increase to a combination of a slowdown in leasing as more companies move to work-from-home models and a raft of newly completed projects hitting the market.

The city saw 624,550 square feet of new office space completed in the fourth quarter of 2023 alone as part of a building boom that started before the pandemic and has taken several years to complete.

“The office market continues to face challenges, but Toronto’s are particularly acute right now,” says CBRE Canada Chairman Paul Morassutti in a press release. “Based on global trends, office utilization and demand are picking up. That is helping improve office fundamentals in most Canadian cities. Toronto will also benefit from the overall trends once new construction comes to an end since it is new supply that’s had the biggest impact on the city’s vacancy.”

Excluding Toronto, national net absorption of office space would have been positive in the final quarter of the year due to an overall construction slowdown. Net absorption rate is the pace at which office space is leased as it becomes available.

The CBRE described Calgary as a city with a very high vacancy rate that is finally seeing some improvement. Although Calgary’s downtown vacancy rate sat at 30.2 percent last quarter, it still had a positive net absorption of 667 square feet.

Improvements were also recorded in Edmonton, Halifax, Ottawa, and Vancouver for the fourth quarter of 2023.

Edmonton has had two consecutive quarters of positive net absorption with downtown office vacancy dropping 22.9 percent, while Halifax also saw a dip in vacancy, falling to 17.9 percent, the report found. Nova Scotia’s capital city has now posted seven consecutive quarters of positive net absorption, even in the suburbs.

Ottawa, thanks to “several successful office-to-residential conversions,” saw downtown vacancy dip to 14.2 percent, the report stated. In Vancouver, there has been no new office space delivered downtown over the past two quarters, bringing vacancy down to 11 percent.

Construction

Development of office space continues to decline, with 10.9 million square feet under construction nationally. New construction accounts for 2.2 percent of inventory, with 54.4 percent of that space being pre-leased, the report found, making it the lowest construction total since the third quarter of 2017.

Construction in Toronto makes up nearly 50 percent of active building projects but is now on the downward swing for the first time since 2017 “when the latest development cycle kicked-off,” the report said.

Construction timelines stretched throughout 2023, with many projects now in the final stages with anticipated delivery in early 2024, the report said. This includes 160 Front St. W. in Toronto and the National Bank Tower in Montreal, both of which exceed one million square feet.