Excess mortality rates among younger Canadians rose as the COVID-19 pandemic wore on, which may have been the result of increased substance use and missed medical appointments, according to Statistics Canada.
This amounts to 6 percent more deaths than would be expected if there were no pandemic, after accounting for population changes such as aging. Meanwhile, 28,600 deaths directly attributed to COVID-19 were reported during that period.
The agency notes that in the three distinct periods of overall excess mortality observed in Canada since the start of the pandemic, the impacts of excess mortality shifted from mainly affecting older Canadians to increasingly affecting younger people, especially males. It adds that “to some extent, this shift may be caused by increased indirect effects of the pandemic, such as missed medical appointments and increased substance use.”
Among Canadians under the age of 45, excess deaths rose in each of the three waves Statistics Canada recorded during the pandemic: from April 2020 to June 2020, from October 2020 to the end of January 2021, and from August to mid-November 2021.
Males under the age of 45 saw excess deaths climb 11.8 percent in the first wave, 19.7 percent in the second wave, and 24.4 percent in the third wave. For women, excess deaths were 8.6 percent, 11.7 percent, and 17.6 percent respectively.
The latest figures show that national AOTDs continued to remain high in the first nine months of 2021, at a rate of about 20 deaths per day.
Stress Remains High
“A number of factors may have contributed to a worsening of the overdose crisis over the course of the pandemic, including the increasingly toxic drug supply, increased feelings of isolation, stress and anxiety, and changes in the availability or accessibility of services for people who use drugs,” the government report reads.The report also noted that stress levels remain high as the pandemic continues to challenge Canadians’ mental health. And it reiterated that the pandemic has caused more deaths than would be expected but not all from COVID-19, noting that “poisonings and opioid overdoses are contributing to excess mortality.”
Nearly 50 percent of Canadians considered that their stress levels were somewhat or much worse than prior to the pandemic, the Statistics Canada report said. Among the population groups experiencing higher stress levels were people between 35 and 44 years of age.
A significant portion of younger Canadians reported that the two biggest factors for their decline in mental health were a loss of social contacts (67 percent), and the impact of lockdowns and public health restrictions (59 percent).
Overdose Deaths ‘Unprecedented, Terrifying’
In the first nine months of 2021, the most recent health department data indicated that 88 percent of all AOTDs occurred in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario.Statistics Canada warned that its national excess mortality figures could be higher for 2021 because the data it released on April 14 is provisional due to reporting delays in some provinces.
While the data, which does not include the territory of Yukon, shows that while excess deaths have been on the rise for younger Canadians, deaths actually dropped in the second and third waves for those aged 85 and older.
In that older age group, for women, the first wave saw 22.5 percent excess deaths, followed by 10.4 percent and 3.8 percent in the subsequent waves, and for men, 17.4 percent excess deaths occurred in the first wave, followed by 13.1 percent and 6.4 percent in the subsequent waves.