The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced final revisions Monday to Obama-era effluent emission standards for coal-fired “steam electric” power plants. The EPA says the final rule will take account of a number of newer and more affordable pollution-control technologies and allow power companies a more flexible approach to phasing in the implementation of such technology.
According to the EPA, the new rule will reduce pollution greater than that proposed by the 2015 regulation, save the U.S. electricity production sector $140 million each year, and protect jobs in the industry.
“These revisions to the Steam Electric Effluent Limitation Guidelines will actually reduce more pollution the Obama-era rule, while reducing compliance costs and allowing for more flexibility,“ said Congressman David McKinley (R-W.Va.). ”This is just the latest example of the Trump Administration’s commitment to promoting American energy while protecting public health.”
“President Trump and his Administration understand that protecting our water quality doesn’t have to destroy jobs and raise electric rates,” McKinley said.
Criticism of the Rule
The rule change picked up criticism, however, from environmental groups such as the Sierra Club and the Southern Environmental Law Center.Mary Anne Hitt, director of campaigns at the Sierra Club, said that the rule would jeopardize water bodies and communities, and would not help coal workers either.
Technical Advances
According to the EPA, the final Steam Electric Reconsideration Rule (pdf) revises technical requirements for two separate waste streams from coal-fired power plants: flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater and water used to transport bottom ash (BA) left over after combustion. Depending on the composition of the coal, coal ash can contain heavy metals, such as mercury.The regulations are known as Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Pretreatment Standards (ELGs), and limit the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies and wastewater treatment plants.
Due to the substitution of natural gas for coal and other developments, a number of coal-fired power plants have closed down since 2015 or have been adapted for burning other fuels.
Since the 2015 rule, a range of new technologies have emerged that are now available to companies seeking to process their wastewater more efficiently. These include using biological digesters to remove heavy metals, as well as mixing effluent waters with zero-valent iron, or iron in its elemental form, which combines readily with elements such as selenium, arsenic, and mercury. Membrane filtration can be used to filter out particles by osmosis, and thermal treatments can evaporate water to leave a solid material.
According to the EPA, treatment methods can also be combined to produce a material that qualifies for final disposal in landfills.