WASHINGTON—U.S. producer prices barely rose in November, supporting views that inflation would remain benign in the near term as a flare-up in new COVID-19 infections restrains the labor market and demand for services.
While other data on Dec. 11 showed a surprise improvement in consumer sentiment early in December, that is unlikely to translate into robust consumer spending, given business restrictions related to the coronavirus outbreak and the accompanying job losses. Millions of unemployed Americans are set to lose their government-funded benefits on Dec. 26, with Congress struggling to agree on another pandemic relief package.
“We saw a similar partisan boost to confidence following the 2016 election which was not followed by a spike in consumption, so we doubt this apparent rise in confidence signals a jump in spending either,” said Michael Pearce, a senior U.S. economist at Capital Economics in New York.
The producer price index for final demand edged up 0.1 percent last month after increasing 0.3 percent in October, the Labor Department said. That was the smallest gain since April.
In the 12 months through November, the PPI advanced 0.8 percent after increasing 0.5 percent in October.
A 0.4 percent increase in the price of goods accounted for the rise in the PPI. Goods increased by 0.5 percent in October. Services were unchanged after rising 0.2 percent in October. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the PPI gaining 0.2 percent in November and rising 0.8 percent on a year-on-year basis.
The United States is in the midst of a fresh wave of coronavirus infections, pushing the number of confirmed cases to more than 15 million and deaths to over 289,740 since the pandemic started. New strict stay-at-home orders went into effect in California last week. Other states and local governments have also imposed restrictions on businesses.
Applications for unemployment benefits jumped to their highest level in nearly three months last week.
While the coronavirus pandemic has raised prices of some goods because of supply constraints, it has hurt demand for services like travel and dining out, keeping inflation in check. Millions of people are either underemployed or out of work, limiting wage inflation.
In a separate report on Dec. 11, the University of Michigan said its consumer sentiment index increased to 81.4 early this month from a final reading of 76.9 in November. Sentiment remains well below its pre-pandemic level. Economists had forecast the index steady at 76.5.
Sentiment improved among Democrats and independents, but fell among Republicans. Consumers expected inflation to moderate significantly in the year ahead. Inflation expectations over the next five years are steady.
Below Target
Other details of the PPI report were also softer. Excluding the volatile food, energy, and trade services components, producer prices inched up 0.1 percent. The so-called core PPI climbed 0.2 percent in October. In the 12 months through November, the core PPI gained 0.9 percent after rising 0.8 percent in October.Inflation is running below the Federal Reserve’s 2 percent target, a flexible average. The government reported on Dec. 10 that consumer prices increased 0.2 percent in November.
“There are no factory inflation pressures building, either due to shortages or to stronger manufacturing demand, that could possibly lead to more inflation at the consumer level,” said Chris Rupkey, chief economist at MUFG in New York.
Despite the soft inflation backdrop, economists don’t anticipate deflation, a decline in the general price level that is harmful during a recession as consumers and businesses may delay purchases in anticipation of lower prices.
Wholesale food prices rose 0.5 percent in November after accelerating 2.4 percent in October. The cost of residential electricity, natural gas, and tobacco products increased. But gasoline prices tumbled 1.9 percent. There were also decreases in the cost of pharmaceutical preparations.
Core goods prices rose 0.2 percent after being unchanged in October. Margins for final demand trade services, which measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers, fell 0.3 percent, helping to restrain services.
Healthcare costs rose 0.2 percent, while portfolio fees were unchanged. That followed October’s 0.5 percent increase. Airline tickets decreased 7.1 percent after increasing 1.2 percent in October.
Those airline tickets, healthcare and portfolio management costs feed into the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index, the Fed’s preferred inflation measure.
With the relevant CPI and PPI components in hand, economists are predicting the core PCE price index rose 1.3 percent in November. The core PCE price index increased 1.4 percent in the 12 months through October. November’s core PCE price index data is scheduled to be released later this month.
