You may want to think twice before gifting your child a new tablet or cellphone this holiday season, as increasing research suggests that screen time may cause more harm than good.
Preschool-aged children may be particularly at risk, which is why the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends limiting use for 2- to 5-year-olds to just one hour a day of “high-quality programming,” and even then watching it with them so you can support learning.
Watching beyond that amount could have lasting effects on your child’s health, even harming brain development, according to a study by researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Those with greater screen time had “lower microstructural integrity” of brain white matter, an area linked with cognitive function and language.
Excess Screen Time Changes Preschoolers’ Brains
The study involved 47 children between the ages of 3 and 5. ScreenQ was used to measure screen usage in accordance with AAP recommendations, taking into account such factors as access to screens, frequency of use, what type of content was viewed and whether co-viewing occurred, as in, did an adult watch along with the child and discuss the content?
A higher ScreenQ score was associated with greater screen time. MRIs were then used to assess the children’s brains, revealing that more screen time was harmful to the brain’s white matter, particularly in tracts supporting language and literacy skills.
“While we can’t yet determine whether screen time causes these structural changes or implies long-term neurodevelopmental risks, these findings warrant further study to understand what they mean and how to set appropriate limits on technology use,” Dr. John Hutton, director of the Reading & Literacy Discovery Center at Cincinnati Children’s and lead study author, said in a news release.
A number of recent studies have highlighted the risks of too much screen time for preschoolers. A Canadian study suggested preschool children spend an average of two hours using screens daily, and those who spent more than that amount had a 7.7-fold higher risk of meeting criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Among 18-month-old children, those who were allowed to view media on mobile devices were more likely to have expressive speech delays, with each additional 30 minutes of viewing time associated with greater odds of a speech delay. AAP recommends toddlers younger than 18–24 months avoid digital media, except for video chatting.
