Research has found that psychiatric disorders are linked to DNA damage in our brain.
Oxidative DNA Damage
The DNA in just one human cell can be damaged tens of thousands of times per day. Multiply that by the total number of cells, you get a quintillion (10 to the power of 18) DNA errors per day.DNA provides the blueprint for the proteins our cells need to function. Fortunately, our cells have different enzymes that repair different types of DNA damages.
If left unrepaired, DNA damage can cause serious issues—including all sorts of degenerative diseases, cancers, and psychiatric disorders.
A common cause of DNA damage is oxidation.
Oxygen is essential for human life. Our brain consumes about 20 percent of our body’s total oxygen, making the brain cells more vulnerable to oxidative damage than other cells.
The oxidative DNA damage is mainly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The common forms of DNA damage by ROS include single strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks.
Research by East Tennessee State University in 2016 details the linkage between psychiatric disorders and high level of oxidative DNA damage in the brain. Studies reported “higher number of single and double stranded breaks in DNA along with oxidative damage with reduced DNA repair activity in patients with depressive disorder.”
Fruits and Vegetables May Decrease Oxidative DNA Damage
Many studies have found that diets rich in fruits and vegetables may decrease oxidative DNA damage and enhance DNA repair.Researchers from Hong Kong Polytechnic University tested the ability of 9 fruits and vegetables to reverse DNA damage, including lemon, persimmon, strawberry, red apple, broccoli, celery, choy sum (a Chinese green leafy vegetable), lettuce, and orange.
They found that low concentration extracts of lemon, persimmon, strawberry, red apple, broccoli, and celery displayed some DNA protection effects.
Four dilutions of lemon extract was tested, and a 10 to the power of -4 extract was the most effective (left chart below). However, the effect of DNA protection was lost after boiling the extract for 30 mins (right chart below).
The researchers concluded that the DNA protective agent in lemon, at least, is heat sensitive and that further study is required to identify the active ingredient(s) providing the protective effects.
Furthermore, extensive studies of various micronutrients show DNA protecting effects as well.
Micronutrients are found in 30 to 40 essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. Some 22 percent of all the enzymes need micronutrients to work, according to Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D., assistant scientist at Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute.
Because the trials participants varied greatly in their underlying health conditions, age, and lifestyle, the results are hardly comprehensive.
Nonetheless, we can conclude that diets rich in various fruits and vegetables can lead to increased DNA repair capabilities, and establishing healthy eating habits early in life is very important for our mental health.