What do you think of when you think of sanitation? Perhaps the Sanitarian Department, which picks up trash. That’s what American English conveys. It deals with rubbish and refuse in order to dispose of it. Or maybe sanitation brings to mind cleaning something like the bathroom. Still, it’s a bit odd to use the word that way. The household member who cleans the kitchen is not normally called a sanitation person.
All of this matters because the Biden administration is arguing that the sanitation powers of the 1944 Public Health Services Act grant the CDC the right to force a mask on you. When they imposed the edict in January 2021, they didn’t cite that power but in court challenges, they scoured the text and came up with it. This forced the court to decide the meaning of the phrase. That is still in dispute.
It’s pretty clear that we are talking about boatloads of foreign trash that might be imported to the shores carrying every manner of disease. The idea is that the government has the power to block it. I would like to see the whole act repealed—the United States got by for a long time without this power—but that’s an argument for another day. What matters now is that it is an astonishing stretch to say that this power extends to dictating face coverings for everyone.
Just who is being sanitized here? The plane, bus, or boat is presumably being sanitized by restricting your poison breath. But what if you are not sick? Doesn’t matter. Maybe you need to be sanitized from other people’s poison breath. Of course the mask does nothing of the sort but that’s a side issue. At question here is the power itself and the CDC’s legal right to make such a decision on its own.
The word itself got me thinking of its roots. Etymologically, the word has a number of iterations. Think of sanitize or sanitizer, the stuff people doused themselves with for two years while thinking that they were killing COVID even though it spreads not through surfaces but through aerosols. The word is also related to sane and insanity, as in one’s mind is in need of some kind of cleaning.
This cleansing feature of religious practice shows itself in the use of holy water in Christian worship too. It is sprinkled in the final blessing and deployed in foot-washing ceremonies at the end of Lent in order to symbolically cleanse the body and soul to prepare for the experience of salvation.
Part of the major burden of public health in the late 19th century was to decouple the identification of sickness with being unclean and with sin, with the main focus on the science of sanitation, personal hygiene, and cleaner food and water. Public health worked very hard to bring science to bear on the problem of disease, and a key feature of that was an attempted end to the ancient practice of morally stigmatizing the sick.
Around the same time, the work of Sigmund Freud at his best was to do the same with psychology. Abnormal behavior, in his theory, was neither the result of a physical malady or a moral problem—as the roots of the word “insane” might suggest—but rather a malfunctioning of the psyche that could be rectified through therapy that was neither physically invasive nor morally judgmental. Looked at this way, his achievement was consistent with liberal ideals.
All of this was erased with the demonization of the unmasked and the unvaccinated, both of whom were scapegoated for disease and also considered immoral due to their noncompliance. There was even a time early on when just catching COVID was regarded as a sign that you either did something bad or hung around with other bad-behaving people. This was all very dangerously close to reviving medieval and ancient superstitions.
So as you can see, the enlargement of the term sanitation beyond its vernacular meaning is fraught with danger. Indeed, it threatens to undermine all the achievements of public health over a century. Perhaps, then, it stands to reason that the CDC, which got so much wrong during the pandemic, would now be trying to convince us that a power designed to protect us from foreign disease-carrying rubbish would entitle them to make us cover up our faces and inhibit our ability to breath or communicate through non-verbal signals.