With the recent passing of the one-year mark since the COVID-19 pandemic began, the long-term effects have become more apparent. Not only has the virus taken over 2 million lives worldwide, it also has had a profoundly detrimental impact on the mental health of billions of people around the globe.
Research on Chinese citizens at the start of the pandemic found that symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress were common reactions to the pandemic. These effects were mirrored in other countries and increased over time.
For example, a more recent study in the United States found that one in four adults reported symptoms of anxiety or depression—an increase from one in 10 in 2019. For some, the increased levels of stress and anxiety have also been accompanied by poorer sleep and increased alcohol and substance use—exacerbating mental health problems further.
The rise in mental health problems during the pandemic cannot be attributed to a single factor. Instead, psychologists suggest these negative emotions are due to several different issues. Namely, health worries, fears of dying or a loved one getting ill, isolation, disrupted travel and social plans, along with media-information overload.
Research found that the psychological impact of the pandemic was greater among certain groups, such as women, students, and people with preexisting health problems. But our new research has also found that for some people, having certain personality traits seems to have offered some level of protection during these difficult times.
Indeed, it seems that having “mental toughness” has helped many people to keep the adverse mental health effects of the pandemic at bay.
What Is Mental Toughness?
Mental toughness is about more than just having resilience and control in difficult situations. It relates to a psychological frame of mind that endorses confidence and commitment to success. In his book “Developing Mental Toughness,” psychologist Peter Clough describes mental toughness as a combination of the following:- The amount of control a person believes they have over their life and emotions;
- How much commitment is placed upon achieving goals despite hardship;
- Being able to see potential threats as opportunities for self-development;
- Continuing to strive in changing environments;
- The level of confidence a person has in succeeding, despite setbacks.
Holding It Together
Research shows that people who have these traits are less likely to react negatively in stressful situations and display greater coping skills. So our study wanted to build on these findings to discover how mental toughness has potentially helped people during the pandemic.Overall, we found that reports of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were markedly higher than in pre-COVID times. Those who had lost a job or a business during the pandemic reported significantly more symptoms of those afflictions.
Even those facing temporary furlough were more likely to report high levels of distress. That’s because the psychological effects of unemployment go far beyond financial instability. A job provides a sense of purpose—and brings a sense of control to people’s lives. Taking this away at a time when people are isolated with a limited sense of freedom can further diminish one’s well-being.
Yet people who scored higher on our mental toughness questionnaire reported lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. This is most likely because these people felt they had a greater sense of control over the situation—and were more capable of staying focused under stress and better equipped to mentally cope. Mentally tough people were also less likely to report depressive symptoms.
What You Can Do
Research examining the effectiveness of mental toughness training is in its infancy. But research with Australian football players has shown the promising potential for using such training in boosting mental toughness.For anyone wanting to improve their mental toughness, a good place to start is by simply identifying and affirming yourself with the associated skills and attitudes. Those include relaxation, positive thinking, goal setting, and self-motivation. This could include daily affirmations, setting specific and achievable goals for a project or something you’re working toward, and making sure you take time out of your day for meditation or deep breathing exercises.
is a lecturer in psychology at the University of Huddersfield in the UK. This article was originally published on The Conversation.
