A study based on a small sample seems to indicate that child abuse can change the DNA of the victims—and that those changes might be passed on to the victims’ offspring.
The result of this study, combined with other research, seems to indicate that childhood trauma such as child abuse, not only harms the victim, but can cause the victim’s children to be less healthy.
How Methylation Works
Methylation occurs when a chemical compound called a “methyl group” attaches to a person’s DNA and affects the way that DNA operates.A methyl group—a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms attached—can attach itself to a person’s DNA and once in place, generally suppresses some genes’ functions.
The resultant mutation can be passed on through sperm from one generation to the next—which means that trauma such as child abuse might permanently alter a family’s future generations.
“Trauma obviously really affects the behavior of people traumatized. It often makes them depressed, it gives them post-traumatic stress disorder, and those mental health conditions affect their parenting and affect the kids. This is another possible pathway,” she said.
Possible Effects on Future Generations
“Some very good findings from mice have shown that early life stressors affect the marks on the sperm, and then, in turn, those affect the health of the offspring, in particular, creating a kind of anxious behavior,” Roberts explained.The new research shows that the children of abused children might inherit some of the same risks.
Dr. Michael S. Kobor, a professor of Medical Genetics at the University of British Columbia, was the senior author of the Harvard child abuse study.
He hypothesized that eventually, scientists might be able to identify the victims of child abuse and testify in court cases concerning the crime.
“So it’s conceivable that the correlations we found between methylation and child abuse might provide a percentage probability that abuse had occurred.”
Roberts made it clear that while the findings of the research were significant, they were preliminary. Even though the sperm cells of child abuse victims are altered, it is unclear whether or how the resulting offspring might be affected.
“When the sperm meets the egg, there is a massive amount of genetic reshuffling, and most of the methylation is at least temporarily erased,” Roberts explained. “But finding a molecular signature in sperm brings us at least a step closer to determining whether child abuse might affect the health of the victim’s offspring.”