Turkey recently signed an agreement with the U.N.-recognized government (Government of National Accord, GNA) in Libya.
The GNA government has steadily lost ground in the ongoing civil war and is now largely isolated in the capital city of Tripoli and one other smaller city. It’s probable that they will soon be completely defeated by forces led by Field Marshal Khalifa Belqasim Haftar, who is a dual U.S./Libyan citizen and supported by Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Russia.
This agreement is unusual for a number of reasons. First, the cooperation between the GNA and Turkey includes badly needed military and logistical support in exchange for the formation of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) between Libya and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean.
This is an extremely aggressive tactic that provides not only material support for the hard-pressed GNA but also fighters. These fighters are proxy forces, which are mostly composed of Syrians who are former al Qaeda affiliates. This is risky for the security and stability of the region and could have negative implications for Europe and even the United States.
Even more provocative, the EEZ creates an exclusive economic zone from Turkey’s southern Mediterranean shore to Libya’s northeast coast. This essentially cuts through the middle of Greek and Greek Cypriot waters and provides a flimsy excuse for Turkey to launch exploration efforts for oil and natural gas in waters that are not theirs. Turkey lost billions of dollars’ worth of construction contracts when Mohamar Gaddhafi was killed and the Libyan government subsequently disintegrated. So, Turkey is trying to regain the money that it lost in Libya.
Greece and Cyprus have long had maritime and territorial disputes with Turkey and state that the agreement violates the international law of the sea. They see it as a cynical resource-grab and Greece expelled Libya’s ambassador to Athens and filed a complaint with the United Nations. Cyprus also raised its own objections.
Perhaps more importantly, Turkey’s operation in Libya is being run by Hakan Fidan, the head of the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (MIT). In addition, there’s a large body of information that shows the extensive relationship that existed between Fidan and the recently killed commander of the Quds Force, Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani, and their respective intelligence agencies.
Erdogan views Libya as another strategic battleground to push back against the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia for regional supremacy. Senior Turkish officials and Erdogan supporters have openly acknowledged Erdogan’s desire to establish a new Ottoman empire, which historically subjugated neighboring Arabic countries.
There’s mounting evidence that Turkey has established a cooperative relationship with Iran against the interests of the United States and NATO, which would stand in the way of a reconstituted Ottoman empire. For example, there’s conclusive proof Turkey helped Iran avoid sanctions, to include the high standard of proof used to obtain U.S. federal court convictions.
In the court case, it was shown that Turkish businessmen were involved in laundering billions of dollars so that the Iranian regime could avoid sanctions and support its proxies in the Middle East that targeted U.S. servicemen in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and elsewhere.
According to the Department of Justice, banker Mehmet Hakan Atilla “used his high rank at a Turkish bank to disguise the transactions as humanitarian food payments and deceive American officials.”
What is left largely unstated is that all of bribery, corruption, and funneling of money to those attacking the United States could only have taken place with close cooperation between the two governments at many levels and the full backing of their respective political leadership. This coordination process could only have taken place between the two respective intelligence agencies as well as Fidan and Soleimani personally.
While we expect this out of Iran, Turkey under President Erdogan is no longer a close and reliable ally, and, worse, appears to be shaping up into a dangerous enemy.
