Overweight low-income mothers of young kids ate fewer fast-food meals and high-fat snacks after participating in a study—not because researchers told them what to eat, but because the program being evaluated helped lower the moms’ stress, research suggests.
The 16-week program was a lifestyle intervention aimed to prevent weight gain by promoting stress management, healthy eating, and physical activity. The program offered simple steps tucked into lessons on time management and prioritizing. Many of these methods were demonstrated in a series of videos featuring mothers similar to those participating in the study.
“Many of these women are aware of feeling impatient, and having head and neck pain and trouble sleeping, but they don’t know those are signs of stress.”
An analysis of the study data showed that the women’s lowered perceived stress after participating in the intervention was the key factor influencing their eventual decrease in consumption of high-fat and fast foods.
“It’s not that these women didn’t want to eat healthier,” Chang said. “If you don’t know how to manage stress, then when you are so stressed out, why would you care about what you eat?”
Chang said these women are likely to face a number of challenges that could cause them stress: financial difficulties, living in run-down neighborhoods, frequent moves, unstable romantic relationships, and households bustling with little kids. It’s also common for this population to retain 10 or more pounds of pregnancy weight after childbirth and face a higher risk of life-long obesity and potential problems for themselves and new babies if they become pregnant again.
During the trial, the 212 participants randomized into the intervention group watched a total of 10 videos in which women like them gave unscripted testimonials about healthy eating and food preparation, managing their stress, and being physically active. Participants also dialed into 10 peer support group teleconferences over the course of the study.
This newer analysis showed that the intervention’s lessons alone didn’t directly affect that change in diet. When the researchers assessed the potential role of stress as a mediator, the indirect effect of the intervention—reducing participants’ perceived stress—was associated with eating less high-fat foods, including fast food. A 1-point reduction in the scale measuring stress was linked to a nearly 7 percent reduction in how frequently the women ate high-fat foods.
The intervention focused on showing the women examples of how they could achieve a healthier and less stressful lifestyle rather than telling them what they had to change.
“I learned a lot from those women,” Chang said. “Everything needs to be practical and applicable to daily life—anytime, anywhere.”
Some examples: Comparing a bag of chips to a bag of apples. The chips might be half the price, but they supply far fewer family snacks. Or using a household responsibility chart to assign tasks to young children, and encouraging moms to reward kids with a hug or individual attention when they follow the instructions. And taking deep breaths to counter the feeling of being overwhelmed.
When it came to stress management, the researchers focused on advising the women to shift their thinking rather than simply try to solve the problems that caused them stress. That shift in thinking was focused on the women not blaming themselves when things went wrong.
“We raised their awareness about stressors in their lives, and unfortunately, a lot of these problems are not within their control,” Chang said. “So we teach them ways to control their negative emotions: ‘Remember that this is temporary, and you can get through it.’ And give them confidence to look to the future.”
