Japan is willing to make concessions to Washington and enter into bilateral trade negotiations in hopes of avoiding U.S. tariffs, as the two sides met for a second round of discussions, according to Japanese media.
On Sept. 25, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer met in New York with his counterpart, Toshimitsu Motegi, Japan’s economic revitalization minister. The meeting followed the first talks held in Washington in August, when the negotiators failed to reach an understanding.
After the second-round meeting, Motegi told reporters that they now have a general idea of how to promote bilateral trade.
“We were able to reach a common understanding over the broad direction that things should go in,” he said, according to Japanese news agency Kyodo. The specifics may be announced after the summit between President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, he added.
Trump and Abe are scheduled to meet Sept. 26 on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly session in New York.
According to Japanese media, Abe would prefer a multilateral trade relationship with the United States under the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). But to avoid additional tariffs, he has caved to Trump’s demands for bilateral trade talks.
Tokyo is concerned about U.S. tariffs on cars, since the auto industry is integral to Japan’s manufacturing and economy. Automotive exports to the United States are a key source of growth for the country, accounting for nearly 1 percent of its gross domestic product.
Trade relations with Japan regressed last year after Trump pulled the United States out of TPP, a multilateral trade pact involving 11 Pacific Rim countries.
Trump also raised concerns about the trade deficit with Japan and demanded a bilateral trade agreement to address that.
Before holding a working dinner with Abe on Sept. 23 ahead of the U.N. meetings, Trump wrote on Twitter that he would be “talking military and trade.”
Barriers to US Exporters
The U.S. trade deficit in goods with Japan was nearly $69 billion in 2017, the same as the prior year. And nearly two-thirds of it comes from the Japanese automotive sector.The Trump administration demands that Japan removes barriers to U.S. exporters, including tariffs and other barriers to entering and expanding in the Japanese market.
The non-tariff barriers in Japan include issues relating to certification, standards and testing protocols, transparency, and hurdles in distribution and service networks. USTR claims that these issues combined with other past and current policies have put American companies at a disadvantage.
On May 23, Trump directed the secretary of commerce to launch a Section 232 investigation into whether imports of automobiles and auto parts threaten to harm national security. The investigation may result in tariffs as high as 25 percent on auto imports, which would hurt foreign carmakers.
The outcome of other trade talks, including the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), may have an impact on the investment landscape, as well. Japanese carmakers are concerned about the fate of NAFTA, as most have supply chains in Mexico and Canada. In the past decade, Mexico has become an important production hub for Japanese carmakers like Toyota, Honda, Nissan, and Mazda.
Trade experts speculate that Abe could make concessions to the United States by offering greater access to American exporters on agricultural goods to avoid tariffs on cars.
Japan is the world’s fourth-largest importer of agricultural products and has a $12 billion agricultural trade deficit with the United States. With a 25 percent market share last year, the United States was the top supplier of agricultural goods to the country.
