STORY AT-A-GLANCE
- Nearly half—47 percent—of all Americans have high blood pressure, costing about $131 billion each year in direct medical costs
- Many who have hypertension don’t have it under control, which affects your microvascular system, triggering damage to your eyes, kidneys, heart, and sexual performance
- By ensuring that you have enough potassium in your daily diet, you may prevent hypertension or reduce your dependence on medication to control it
Hypertension comes with an annual financial burden of more than $131 billion in direct medical costs and lost work days; that doesn’t include a number of other health conditions worsened by hypertension, including kidney disease and cognitive decline.
What Is High Blood Pressure?
When your physician takes your blood pressure, he uses a sphygmomanometer to measure the amount of pressure your heart exerts to push blood through your arterial system. The top number represents the highest pressure needed, and the bottom number the lowest pressure needed. These numbers are related to the elasticity and diameter of your arterial walls.When the pressure required to circulate your blood is high, it places an abnormal amount of stress on your heart muscle and smaller arteries, and reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the smallest blood vessels in your body. Both of these consequences account for many of the secondary effects of hypertension.
Your blood pressure reading can vary throughout the day, so one high reading isn’t a concern. It’s only when your blood pressure is consistently or chronically higher than normal that significant health conditions may occur.
A number of studies have revealed that a significant difference between your right and left arm pressure may indicate circulatory problems that raise your risk for stroke, peripheral artery disease, or other cardiovascular problems.
Potassium Level Affects Blood Pressure
Potassium is a naturally occurring mineral that your body uses as an electrolyte, or substance in solution that will conduct electricity. It’s vital for normal functioning, as your body relies on electrical charges for countless processes, from cell signaling to nerve impulses to healthy brain function.Diarrhea, vomiting, excessive sweating (such as when using a sauna), and some drugs may deplete or disrupt your potassium balance. The most common reason that potassium levels aren’t within normal limits is due to poor dietary choices.
“The results support the premise that low potassium intake may play an important part in the genesis of high [blood pressure]. Increased potassium intake should be considered as a recommendation for prevention and treatment of hypertension, especially in those who are unable to reduce their intake of sodium.”
The Many Benefits of Potassium
Research has found that women without hypertension who consumed the most potassium (nearly 3,200 mg per day) had a 21 percent reduced risk of stroke. Further, women who consumed the most potassium were 12 percent less likely to die during the study period than those who consumed the least.17Nerve impulses transmitting information from one nerve to the next occur as the result of electrical activity. This activity is what an electrocardiogram measures as it tracks heart activity.
Effects of High Blood Pressure
Unfortunately, 20 percent of people who suffer from high blood pressure are unaware of the condition, significantly increasing their risk of health problems. With uncontrolled or poorly controlled hypertension, you increase the risk of significant health effects that reduce your quality of life and longevity.Hypertension may damage smaller arteries, reducing the amount of oxygen delivered and severely impacting the ability of organs to function, such as your kidneys and eyes. This may result in kidney failure and vision loss. The damage to smaller blood vessels is called microvascular disease and may lead to angina, or chest pain, when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen.
Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Is Key
The key to relaxing your arterial walls and reducing your blood pressure is the sodium-to-potassium ratio. In the United States and many other developed countries, salt has been vilified as a primary cause of high blood pressure and heart disease. According to research presented at last year’s American Heart Association meeting,27 excessive salt consumption contributed to 2.3 million heart-related deaths worldwide in 2010.However, it’s important to realize that most Americans and other Westerners get the majority of their sodium from commercially available table salt and processed foods—not from natural, unprocessed salt. So, not only is the ratio between potassium and sodium important, so is the type of sodium consumed.
- Kidney stones
- Memory decline
- Cataracts
- Osteoporosis
- Erectile dysfunction
- Stomach ulcers
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Stomach cancer
Why a Balanced Diet Is Your Best Option
Getting nutrients from your food instead of supplements is preferable, as food contains multiple nutrients and in different forms. For instance, the potassium found in fruits and vegetables is potassium citrate or potassium malate, while supplements are often potassium chloride. The citrate and malate forms help produce alkali, which may promote bone health28 and preserve lean muscle mass as you age.29Bone loss may lead to brittle bones or even osteoporosis. While potassium in fruits and vegetables may help to build bone health, potassium chloride may not.
Research by Dawson-Hughes found that people who were in the neutral range for net acid excretion, meaning they had a fairly healthy balance for bone and muscle health, were eating slightly more than eight servings of fruits and vegetables a day along with 5 1/2 servings of grains.
Drug-Free Methods to Control Blood Pressure
There are several ways to help to keep your blood pressure under control and reduce your risk of organ damage.High blood pressure is associated with insulin resistance, which results from eating a diet too high in sugar. As your insulin level rises, so does your blood pressure. Insulin stores magnesium, but if your insulin receptors are blunted and your cells grow resistant to insulin, you can’t store magnesium, so it passes out of your body through urination.
Magnesium stored in your cells relaxes muscles. If your magnesium level is too low, your blood vessels will constrict rather than relax, and this constriction raises your blood pressure.
Fructose also elevates uric acid, which drives up your blood pressure by inhibiting the nitric oxide in your blood vessels. (Uric acid is a byproduct of fructose metabolism. In fact, fructose typically generates uric acid within minutes of ingestion.) Nitric oxide helps your vessels to maintain their elasticity, so nitric oxide suppression leads to increases in blood pressure.
If you’re healthy, and want to stay that way, the general rule is to keep your total fructose intake to 25 grams per day or less. If you’re insulin resistant or have high blood pressure, keep your total fructose to 15 grams or less per day until your condition has resolved.
A processed food diet, loaded with net carbohydrates (non-fiber carbs such as sugar, fructose, and grains) and trans fat (margarines and vegetable oils), is a recipe for hypertension. Instead, make whole—ideally organic—foods the focus of your diet.
Also remember to swap non-fiber carbs for healthy fats such as avocados, butter made from raw, grass-fed organic milk, organic pastured egg yolks, coconuts and coconut oil, raw nuts such as pecans and macadamias, grass-fed meats, and pasture-raised poultry.
According to Dr. Lawrence Appel, lead researcher on the DASH diet and director of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins University, your diet as a whole is the key to controlling hypertension—not salt reduction alone.
He believes a major part of the equation is this balance of minerals, i.e., most people need less sodium and more potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
Indeed, maintaining a proper sodium-to-potassium ratio in your diet is very important, and hypertension is but one of many side effects of an imbalance. A processed food diet virtually guarantees you'll have a lopsided ratio of too much sodium to potassium.
Juicing is a simple way to increase the amount of vegetables in your diet, and many NO3-rich veggies (which raise your nitric oxide level) are suitable for juicing such as beets, kale, celery, spinach, carrots, and more. Allicin-rich garlic, leeks, shallots, and chives also help to improve your blood pressure, and are easy to add to salads and various dishes.
The sun is your best source of vitamin D. Or rather, your skin is your best source, with its ability to transform sunlight into this essential hormone. Fairer-skinned people need relatively little sunlight to create vitamin D (as little as 15 minutes in sunny conditions), but darker-skinned people need significantly longer.
The best way to boost your omega-3 level is to eat plenty of oily fish that’s low in mercury and other pollutants. Good options include wild-caught Alaskan salmon, sardines, and anchovies. Alternatively, take a high-quality krill oil or fish oil supplement. Krill oil has advantages over fish oil, which is why I prefer it.
Essentially, intermittent fasting means eating your calories during a specific window of the day, and choosing not to eat food during the rest. When you eat, your body reacts by elevating insulin and leptin.
A comprehensive fitness program can go a long way toward regaining your insulin sensitivity and normalizing your blood pressure. To reap the greatest rewards, I recommend including high-intensity interval exercises in your routine.
I also recommend training yourself to breathe through your nose when exercising, as mouth breathing during exercise can raise your heart rate and blood pressure, sometimes resulting in fatigue and dizziness.
Smoking is known to contribute to high blood pressure, as are other forms of air pollution, even noise pollution. To address these, avoid smoking, consider using ear plugs during sleep if you live in a noisy neighborhood (provided you can’t move away), and take steps to improve your indoor air quality. Plants can help.
Going barefoot will help you to ground to the earth. Experiments show that walking barefoot outside (also referred to as earthing or grounding) improves blood viscosity and blood flow, which help to regulate blood pressure. So, do yourself a favor and ditch your shoes now and then.
Grounding also calms your sympathetic nervous system, which supports your heart rate variability. This, in turn, promotes homeostasis, or balance, in your autonomic nervous system. In essence, anytime you improve heart rate variability, you’re improving your entire body and all of its functions.
The connection between stress and hypertension is well-documented, yet still doesn’t receive the emphasis it deserves. In fact, it has been shown that people with heart disease can lower their risk of subsequent cardiac events by more than 70 percent simply by learning to manage their stress.
Suppressed negative emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness can severely limit your ability to cope with the unavoidable everyday stresses of life. It’s not the stressful events themselves that are harmful, but your lack of ability to cope.
The good news is, strategies exist that quickly and effectively transform your suppressed, negative emotions and relieve stress. My preferred method is the emotional freedom technique (EFT), an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use approach for releasing negative emotions.
EFT combines visualization with calm, relaxed breathing, while employing gentle tapping to “reprogram” deeply seated emotional patterns.
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