WASHINGTON—U.S. consumer spending rebounded by a solid 1.3 percent in October despite inflation over the past year has accelerated faster than it has at any point in more than three decades.
The jump in consumer spending last month was double the 0.6 percent gain in September, the Commerce Department reported Wednesday.
At the same time, consumer prices rose 5 percent compared with the same period last year, the fastest 12-month gain since the same stretch ending in November 1990. The surge in prices this year did contribute to the 1.6 percent rise in spending in November, yet adjusting for inflation, spending was still up a solid 0.7 percent after a 0.3 percent inflation-adjusted gain in September.
Personal incomes, which provide the fuel for future spending increases, rose 0.5 percent in October after having fallen 1 percent in September, a reflection of a drop in government support payments.
Pay for Americans has been on the rise with companies desperate for workers, and government stimulus checks earlier this year further padded their bank accounts. That bodes well for a strong holiday season and major U.S. retailers say they’re ready after some companies, like Walmart and Target, went to extreme lengths to make sure that their shelves are full despite widespread shortages.
Analysts said the solid increase in spending in October, the first month in the new quarter, was encouraging evidence that overall economic growth, which slowed to a modest annual rate of 2.1 percent in the third quarter, will post a sizable rebound in the current quarter, as long as the recent rise in COVID-19 cases and concerns about inflation don’t dampen holiday shopping.
In a cautionary note Wednesday the University of Michigan reported that its consumer sentiment index fell 4.3 percentage points to a reading of 67.4 this month, its lowest level since November 2011, weighed down by inflation concerns.
The 5 percent rise in consumer prices shown in Wednesday’s report continued a string of high readings over the past several months as demand outstrips supply, reflecting in part shortages due to snarled supply chains.
President Joe Biden acted Tuesday to counter spiking gasoline prices by ordering a release from the nation’s strategic petroleum reserve, but economists expect that move to have only a minimal effect on the surge in gas prices.
The data released Wednesday, including the peek into what Americans are paying for everyday goods, is preferred by the Federal Reserve because it tracks changes in what people are buying, unlike the consumer price index, which measures a fixed market-basket of goods.
The Fed seeks to conduct its interest-rate policies to achieve annual gains in its preferred price index of around 2 percent. However, over the past two decades, inflation has perennially failed to reach the Fed’s 2 percent inflation target.
Fed officials at their November meeting announced the start of a reduction in its $120 billion per month in bond purchases which the central bank had been making to put downward pressure on long-term interest rates.
That marked the Fed’s first maneuver to pull back on the massive support it has been providing to the economy. Economists expect that will be followed in the second half of 2022 by an increase to the Fed’s benchmark interest rate, which influences millions of consumer and business loans. That rate has been at a record low of 0 percent to 0.25 percent since the pandemic hit in the spring of 2020.
And if inflation continues to overshoot the Fed’s target, which Fed Chair Jerome Powell for months has described as transitory, economists the odds increasing for an accelerated reduction in the Fed’s monthly bond purchases, as well as earlier action on its first interest rate hikes.
The Wednesday report on spending and incomes showed that consumers boosted their purchases of durable goods such as cars by 3.3 percent in October while spending on nondurable goods such as clothing rose by 1.6 percent. Spending on services increased 0.9 percent in October.
With spending up more than incomes, the personal saving rate fell to 7.3 percent in October, down from 8.2 percent in September, but still a high level.
Economists expect that the high level of savings will continue to support stronger spending by Americans through the holiday shopping season and into next year.
“Although consumer confidence has declined in the fall because of high inflation, households continue to spend,” said Gus Faucher chief economist at PNC Financial. “Household income surged with stimulus payments and increased unemployment insurance benefits.”
