WASHINGTON—Having waited eight months for U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) Katherine Tai’s promised “top-to-bottom” policy review of trade with China, some U.S. industries and experts were complaining about the plan’s lack of specifics on negotiations or timing.
Unveiling her plan on Monday, Tai, President Joe Biden’s top trade official, pledged to hold talks with Chinese officials over their failure to meet the terms of former President Donald Trump’s “Phase 1” trade deal, and to revive a process to grant exclusions from tariffs on Chinese imports.
“She’s going to re-engage with China and that’s a good thing,” said Mary Lovely, a Syracuse University trade economist who attended Tai’s speech in Washington. “But her whole plan seems to be, ‘I’m going to have a conversation.’”
Tai will leave in place most of Trump’s controversial tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars of Chinese goods as she launches discussions with her counterpart, Chinese Vice Premier Liu He. She will raise U.S. concerns about China’s industrial subsidies, but did not outline specific plans to tackle Beijing’s policies that the United States believes undermine free trade.
What happens next “depends on how the conversation goes,” said Tai, the former top trade lawyer on the House Ways and Means Committee, who has promised to center the Biden trade policy around workers.
She was unsparing in her criticism of Beijing on this front, accusing China’s Communist Party government of continuing to “shape its economy to the will of the state, hurting the interests of workers here in the U.S. and around the world.”
Tai’s speech, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies think tank, won support from Democratic lawmakers, unions, and a former Trump administration trade official.
New Tariff Worries
However, industries that have suffered through more than three years of U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports that cost billions of dollars, were hoping for details on which products might win tariff relief.Instead, Monday’s speech left lingering concerns that Tai could launch new tariff actions after saying she will keep further “Section 301” investigations as options.
The US-China Business Council said it feared tariffs might become permanent, given the lack of any clear road map. The National Foreign Trade Council called for a “robust” tariff exclusion process to provide some relief for companies hammered by the U.S.-China trade war.
“Today’s long-awaited announcement proved the Biden administration’s trade strategy on China to be lackluster at most, and will further inflict unnecessary damage to the American economy and retail supply chains,” said David French, senior vice president of the National Retail Federation.
Tai said she would refrain from Trump’s plans for a separate formal “Phase 2” negotiation with Beijing over structural issues such as China’s massive subsidies to state enterprises, citing a “disinclination” to use the Trump administration’s labels.
How those discussions unfold depends in part on “how much traction we get with China and to what degree we have to take our own measures to defend our interests,” Tai said.
The United States pursued regular high-level economic dialogues with China for more than a decade, until 2017, that produced little change in Beijing’s policies. The Trump administration’s Phase One deal was heralded as a breakthrough, but Beijing has fallen far short of commitments to buy U.S. goods.
Tai’s speech “didn’t give us new goals, or new tools,” said Derek Scissors, a China scholar at the American Enterprise Institute.
“You say we have to have a worker-centric trade policy, and we can’t tolerate the Chinese behaving like this anymore because it harms America, but we’re going to talk to them about it,” Scissors said. “When has that ever worked?”
