NEW YORK—The dollar surged to a six-year high versus the yen after the Bank of Japan moved to contain rising bond yields, while U.S. Treasury yields soared to new multiyear highs, highlighting the divergence in tightening cycles between the BOJ and other major central banks.
Treasury 10-year yields vaulted above 2.5 percent to three-year highs, with the U.S. Federal Reserve expected to deliver a half-point interest rate rise in May, having kicked off its tightening cycle this month.
That helped lift the dollar to two-week peaks against a basket of six major peer currencies, up 0.401 percent at 99.245 at 10:10 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (1410 GMT).
Against the yen, the dollar surged as much as 2.5 percent, and was last up 1.33 percent at 123.715 yen, the highest since August 2015 and the biggest one-day rise since March 2020. Yen losses in March surpass 7 percent and the currency is set for its biggest monthly and quarterly falls since 2016.
Struggling to swim against the tide taking interest rates higher globally, the BOJ staunchly defended its 0.25 percent yield cap on Monday by offering to buy an unlimited amount of government bonds (JGBs) for the first four days of this week.
While that did not stop 10-year yields hitting the upper limit of the BOJ’s policy band, it sent the yen spiraling.
“On net, JGBs mostly shook off what was just a repeated gesture to defend the 10-year yield ceiling but the signal toward expanding money supply contributed to yen softness alongside the more dominant Federal Reserve effects on the dollar,” said Derek Holt, head of capital markets economics at Scotiabank Economics.
Big energy import bills and the loss of tourism revenues mean “the weight on the yen is likely to remain for the next year,” said Colin Asher, senior economist at Mizuho.
The Japanese currency also lost ground against the euro, which is increasingly underpinned by expectations the European Central Bank will join the rate hike club this year.
The euro gained 1.17 percent to 135.79 yen, a four-year high.
The euro was down 0.06 percent against the greenback at 1.0976. The single currency’s fortunes this week could be determined by inflation figures from major European economies, with the bloc’s harmonized HICP inflation seen edging up to 6.5 percent in March.
Analysts at Monex said given the yen’s weakness and risks to the euro from the Ukraine-Russia conflict, the dollar would likely stay buoyant, especially if Friday’s jobs data proved strong.
“Should wage growth continue to tick up despite the recent increase in labour supply, money markets are likely to fully price two 50 bp hikes from the Fed in May and June,” they added.
In commodity currencies, the Australian dollar dipped 0.55 percent to $0.7473, not far off its recent four-month high.
In cryptocurrencies, bitcoin was up 1.44 percent at 47,541, its highest since Jan. 2.
