The Federal Reserve raised interest rates by 75 basis points during its September policy meeting. After four previous increases, the benchmark fed funds rate now stands in the 3 percent–3.25 target range. Fed officials signaled that further big increases are likely at the two remaining meetings this year.
Credit Cards and Personal Loans
The Fed directly influences the prime rate, which is the base rate of how other interest rates are created, whether it’s for a personal loan or a car loan.Mortgages
Mortgage rates are structured a bit differently. For the most part, they are connected to the 10-year Treasury yield. However, the Fed’s decision has an indirect effect on mortgage rates. The mortgage market may have already factored in the anticipated increase in interest rates. Since the beginning of the year, mortgage rates have more than doubled, topping 6 percent, to the highest level since the 2008 housing crash.If the Fed indicates more rate hikes, mortgage rates could rise further.
While investors are betting that the Fed will start cutting interest rates early next year to spur economic growth, public policymakers insist that rates will remain high for at least the next 15 months. That means that it will become more expensive to access credit or cost more to service current debt levels.
Financial experts suggest that it’s crucial for the typical indebted consumer to modify their household finances before rates become too high. That consists of creating a budget, spending within your means, paying off debt, putting together an emergency fund, and continuing to save.
Saving and Investing
When central banks slash interest rates, consumers usually transition away from saving and shift toward the equities market to shield their money from inflation. However, now that the nation is entrenched in the middle of a tightening cycle, depositors will receive better interest-bearing payments on their savings.Unfortunately, the real interest rate (inflation-adjusted) is still in subzero territory, meaning that savers continue to endure negative returns on their deposits.
That can be mitigated by seeking out high-interest savings accounts, utilizing online financial institutions, investing in money market funds (mutual funds that park your money in U.S. T-bills and commercial paper), or inquiring about certificates of deposit (CDs) at your neighborhood bank.
But Fed officials have insisted that they won’t stop raising rates until they have successfully reined in 40-year-high price inflation. In addition, many FOMC members have noted that everyone needs to become accustomed to higher-for-longer interest rates, which would be positive news for habitual savers.
At the same time, investment portfolios have taken a hit under the current rising-rate economic climate. Typically, the U.S. central bank raising rates can have a domino effect. Consumer demand wanes, slowing business activity. Next, investors start seeing signs of a declining economy, prompting them to begin easing their investments or even trimming their holdings. That triggers a selloff, traders panic, and the equities arena is now stuck in a bear market.
This has been evident in 2022 as the leading benchmark indexes have slumped throughout the Fed’s tightening efforts. The Dow Jones Industrial Average has dropped more than 15 percent, the Nasdaq Composite Index has plunged about 27 percent, and the S&P 500 has declined close to 20 percent.
“The silver lining of a hawkish Fed and an ongoing global growth slowdown is that inflation expectations continue to decline. As previously commented, I think the market is more concerned with inflation than growth,” Nick Reece, a portfolio manager at Merk Investments, said in a note to clients. “As always, the outlook remains data dependent and everyone needs to put probability and reward-to-risk assessments in the context of their strategy, process, and time horizon.”