US Unemployment Rate Climbs to Highest Since October 2021

People wait in line to enter the Nassau County Mega Job Fair at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, N.Y., on Oct. 7, 2014. Shannon Stapleton/Reuters

The U.S. economy created fewer jobs than expected while the unemployment rate increased, signaling that the labor market could be going through a rapid deceleration at a time when the Federal Reserve could soon be cutting interest rates.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), there were 114,000 new jobs in July, down from 179,000 in June. This fell short of the consensus estimate of 175,000.

The unemployment rate rose to 4.3 percent, up from 4.1 percent, and higher than economists’ expectations of 4.1 percent. This represents the highest jobless rate since October 2021.

Average hourly earnings eased to a smaller-than-expected pace of 3.6 percent year-over-year. On a monthly basis, average hourly earnings edged up 0.2 percent.

The labor force participation rate inched higher to 62.7 percent, from 62.6 percent. Average weekly hours slipped to 34.2, from 34.3.

Health care accounted for much of the jobs, with 55,000 new positions added last month. This was followed by construction (25,000) and government (17,000).

The information sector shed 20,000 jobs while manufacturing payrolls were little changed.

The May and June job numbers were revised down by 2,000 and 27,000, respectively.

Additionally, the household portion of the monthly jobs report, which removes duplication, showed the economy created 67,000 new jobs.

The number of people working two or more jobs surged to 8.473 million, up from 8.34 million. Full-time workers advanced by 448,000, while part-time workers declined by 325,000.

The divergence between U.S.-born and foreign-born workers widened compared to a year ago. U.S.-born workers tumbled by more than 1.2 million from July 2023. By comparison, foreign-born workers increased by roughly 1.3 million.

Market Reaction

The U.S. financial markets extended their losses in pre-market trading following the employment data, with the leading benchmark indexes down as much as 2 percent.

U.S. Treasury yields were red across the board, with the benchmark 10-year yield plummeting below 3.82 percent. The 2-year yield fell below 4 percent, while the 30-year bond tumbled to 4.16 percent.

The U.S. Dollar Index (DXY), a gauge of the greenback against a basket of currencies, tanked below 104.00.

Markets now received confirmation that the job market is “rolling over” after a miss in payroll growth and the jump in the unemployment rate, said Byron Anderson, the head of fixed income at Laffer Tengler Investments.

“The Fed narrative of data-dependent should be done moving forward, especially if the labor data continues to fall before the next Fed meeting,” Anderson said in a email to media outlets. “The Fed will need to go into economic protection mode moving forward to calm markets. We should see rate cuts shortly and the bond market is asymmetrically positioned lower for the short term.”

While investors are penciling in a rate cut at the September policy meeting, traders are discussing the size of the Federal Reserve’s initial pivot.

“The odds of a 50bps cut jumped to 70% for that September meeting,” said Jay Woods, the chief global strategist at Freedom Capital Markets, in a email to media outlets. “Was the data-dependent Fed too late to act again? The market is saying just that.”

A Week of Labor Data

Heading into the much-anticipated July jobs report, there was a flurry of labor-related numbers.

The number of job openings eased slightly, falling by 46,000 in June to 8.184 million, according to the federal statistics agency’s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). This came in slightly higher than the market forecast of 8 million. Vacancies were led by accommodation and food services (120,000) and state and local government (94,000).

Job quits slumped to 3.282 million, the lowest level since November 2020.

Private businesses added 122,000 new jobs in July, down from an upwardly revised 155,000 in June, payroll processor ADP reported in its monthly National Employment Report. This fell short of economists’ expectations of 150,000.

Additionally, annual pay gains for job-stayers slowed to a three-year low of 4.8 percent, while pay gains for job changers eased to 7.2 percent.

“With wage growth abating, the labor market is playing along with the Federal Reserve’s effort to slow inflation. If inflation goes back up, it won’t be because of labor,” said Nela Richardson, the chief economist at ADP, in a statement.

Indeed, BLS data show that wage gains are slowing. In the second quarter, the employment cost index (ECI), a broad measure of employee compensation, rose at a smaller-than-expected pace of 0.9 percent, down from 1.2 percent in the first quarter.

Unit labor costs also climbed at a smaller-than-expected rate of 0.9 percent in the April-June period, falling short of the consensus forecast of 1.8 percent.

Meanwhile, the latest Challenger numbers highlighted that U.S.-based companies announced 25,855 job cuts in July, the lowest level in a year. This was down 46.9 percent from the previous month.

Tech and services led the way, with 6,009 and 2,932 layoffs, respectively.

According to the Department of Labor, initial jobless claims rose to a higher-than-expected 249,000 for the week ending July 27, up from 235,000 in the previous week. Continuing jobless claims increased to 1.877 million, while the four-week average, which removes week-to-week volatility, edged up to 238,000.