WASHINGTON—U.S. manufacturing output increased more than expected in November, boosted by motor vehicle production, although momentum could slow as a fresh outbreak of COVID-19 infections keeps workers at home and temporarily shuts factories.
Other data on Dec. 15 suggested that a benign inflation environment could persist, with import prices barely rising last month even as the dollar has weakened against the currencies of the United States’ main trade partners.
Strong production at factories is defying signs of a slowdown in the economy’s recovery from the coronavirus recession, underscored by rising layoffs. Retail sales likely declined in November for the first time since April, according to a Reuters survey of economists. November’s retail sales report was scheduled to be released on Dec. 16.
“COVID-19 containment measures are likely to exert a heavy economic toll over the next few months and the manufacturing sector won’t be immune, but it is going to be far less directly impacted than consumer services in big cities,” said James Knightley, chief international economist at ING in New York.
Manufacturing output rose 0.8 percent last month after surging 1.1 percent in October, the Federal Reserve said. Factory production remains 3.8 percent below its pre-pandemic level. Economists had forecast manufacturing output rising 0.3 percent in November.
Motor vehicle production rebounded 5.3 percent after declining for three straight months. Excluding motor vehicles, manufacturing output increased 0.4 percent after surging 1.3 percent in October.
A shift in demand from services to goods during the pandemic is underpinning manufacturing’s recovery. But the relentless crisis also poses a risk. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) early this month reported a dip in business sentiment in November, with manufacturers saying the resurgence in coronavirus infections was straining suppliers and that production lines were being halted due to lack of staff.
The ISM warned that absenteeism at factories and their suppliers as well as difficulties in returning and hiring workers would continue to “dampen” manufacturing until the pandemic ended.
Broad Increase
A separate report from the New York Fed on Dec. 15 showed its measure of manufacturing conditions in New York state fell to a reading of 4.9 in December from 6.3 in November.But manufacturers were optimistic about conditions over the next six months, likely reflecting the arrival of a vaccine for the virus, which has killed more than 300,000 people in the United States.
“Production will be soft in the near term as record-high COVID-19 cases and a lack of fiscal stimulus weigh on the U.S. economy early next year,” said Gus Faucher, chief economist at PNC Financial in Pittsburgh. “But activity should pick up by mid-2021 as vaccine distribution leads to stronger overall economic growth.”
The increase in manufacturing output was broad last month, with big gains in the production of primary metals, computers and electronics, aerospace, and miscellaneous transportation equipment. But production of consumer goods and business supplies dropped.
Manufacturing combined with a rise in mining output to lift industrial production 0.4 percent in November. Industrial output increased 0.9 percent in October. Production at mines rebounded 2.3 percent after declining 0.7 percent in October. Oil and gas well drilling increased 8.3 percent, rising for a third straight month.
Utilities output fell 4.3 percent as warmer-than-usual temperatures cut demand for heating. Utilities advanced 1.8 percent in October.
Capacity utilization for the manufacturing sector, a measure of how fully firms are using their resources, rose 0.6 percentage point to 72.6 percent in November. Overall capacity use for the industrial sector increased to 73.3 percent from 73 percent in October. It is 6.5 percentage points below its 1972-2019 average.
Officials at the U.S. central bank tend to look at capacity use measures for signals of how much “slack” remains in the economy—how far growth has room to run before it becomes inflationary.
Muted inflation was underscored by a separate report from the Labor Department on Dec. 15 showing import prices edged up 0.1 percent last month after dipping 0.1 percent in October.
Import prices, which exclude tariffs, decreased 1.0 percent in the 12 months through November after falling by the same margin in October. Year-on-year import prices have declined for 10 straight months.
Petroleum prices rose 2.1 percent. Excluding petroleum, import prices were flat after dipping 0.1 percent in October.
Import prices have remained weak even as the dollar has depreciated about 7.4 percent versus the currencies of the United States’ main trade partners since April.
Government data last week showed marginal increases in consumer and producer prices in November. Though the pandemic has boosted prices of some goods because of supply and production constraints, it has weighed on services, leading to overall benign inflation.
“Import prices look set to continue as a restraint on broader price pressures, giving additional support for the Fed’s dovish bias,” said James Watson, a senior economist at Oxford Economics in New York.
