Stocks fell sharply after Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell signaled that interest rates may need to go even higher than previously thought in order to tame the worst inflation in decades.
The Fed raised its benchmark rate by three-quarters of a percentage point Wednesday, its fourth consecutive hike of that magnitude and its sixth this year.
Markets had initially rallied after Fed policymakers seemed to suggest in a statement that they might slow the pace of increases. Those gains disappeared and stocks turned lower again after Powell delivered the sobering news that the Fed may need to hold back the economy with high interest rates for some time before the fight against inflation is done.
“It’s very premature, in my view, to think about or to be talking about pausing our rate hikes,” Powell in a news conference. “We have a ways to go.”
The S&P 500 fell 2.5 percent, its third straight drop. It had been up by 1 percent earlier. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 1.5 percent and the Nasdaq composite slid 3.4 percent.
Long-term Treasury yields jumped after a brief pullback. The yield on the two-year Treasury, which tends to track market expectations of future Fed action, rose to 4.58 percent from 4.55 percent shortly before the Fed released its statement. The yield on the 10-year Treasury, which helps set mortgage rates, climbed to 4.09 percent after having fallen to 3.98 percent earlier in the afternoon.
The Fed’s move raised its key short-term rate to a range of 3.75 percent to 4 percent, its highest level in 15 years. It was the central bank’s sixth rate hike this year, a streak that has made mortgages and other consumer and business loans increasingly expensive and heightened the risk of a recession.
Higher rates not only slow the economy by discouraging borrowing, they also make stocks look less appealing compared to lower-risk assets like bonds and CDs.
In a statement announcing the rate hike the Fed suggested that it could soon shift to a more deliberate pace of rate increases. And said that in coming months it would consider the cumulative impact of its large rate hikes on the economy.
Any encouragement that gave investors faded when Powell said during a press conference that the central bank would rather make a mistake of taking interest rates too high than easing too quickly, noting that a premature pullback on rate hikes could lead inflation to become entrenched, which risks more pain for households.
Powell also said that regardless of whether the Fed dials down its interest rate hike in December, it may still end up pulling its key short-term rate ultimately to a higher level than previously anticipated.
“If there was any doubt about whether or not they’re going to continue hiking and maybe err on the side of ‘still too far’ rather than ‘not far enough,' that was erased with his comments,” said Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi.
Wall Street has been closely watching the latest economic data this week, particularly on the employment market, which has remained strong despite inflation. That strength is being taken as a sign that the Fed will have to remain aggressive in its fight against high prices.
The latest jobs data from private payroll company ADP shows that companies added positions at a greater pace than expected in October. The report follows hotter-than-expected data from the government Tuesday on job openings.
“It’s sort of confirming that the Fed still has more work to do,” said Ryan Grabinski, managing director of investment strategy at Strategas, a Baird company.
Investors will get more employment data with the government’s weekly unemployment report on Thursday and a broader monthly jobs report on Friday. They have been closely watching the latest round of company earnings to get a better sense of inflation’s impact on corporate profits and outlooks. It’s been a mixed bag so far.
All told, the S&P 500 fell 96.41 points to 3,759.69. The Dow lost 505.44 points to 32,147.76. The Nasdaq slid 366.05 points to 10,524.80.
The 11 sectors in the S&P 500 closed in the red after shedding all their gains following a brief rally immediately after the Fed statement. Technology stocks, retailers and health care companies were among the biggest weights on the index. Apple fell 3.7 percent, Amazon dropped 4.8 percent and Johnson & Johnson slipped 1.5 percent.
Smaller company stocks also lost ground. The Russell 2000 fell 62.25 points, or 3.4 percent, to 1,789.14.
Drugstore operator CVS rose 2.3 percent after raising its profit forecast following a strong third quarter. Short-term vacation rental marketplace Airbnb fell 13.4 percent after warning investors that bookings growth will slow in the fourth quarter. Beauty products maker Estee Lauder slid 8.1 percent after slashing its profit forecast as COVID-19 lockdowns in China and inflation hurt business.
