LONDON—Business activity across the eurozone contracted for a second straight month in August as the cost of living crisis forced consumers to curtail spending while supply constraints continued to hurt manufacturers, a survey showed on Tuesday.
The global economy is increasingly at risk from sliding into recession as Ukraine’s war and China’s strict COVID-19 lockdowns have further damaged supply lines not yet recovered from the pandemic.
Meanwhile, consumers are facing the highest inflation in a generation which is forcing central banks to tighten monetary policy aggressively just as the economies need support.
S&P Global’s flash eurozone Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), seen as a good guide to overall economic health, fell to 49.2 in August from 49.9 in July, just above the median forecast in a Reuters poll for a bigger drop to 49.0.
A reading below 50 indicates a contraction and August’s preliminary estimate was the lowest since February 2021.
“The continued decline in the PMIs in August suggests that a recession in the winter half-year is increasingly likely,” said Christoph Weil at Commerzbank.
“Russia is supplying only a limited amount of gas, high inflation is tearing deep holes in the coffers of private households, companies are facing massive uncertainties—the economic outlook for the economy in the euro zone is bleak.”
A downturn in Germany, Europe’s largest economy, deepened in August, a separate PMI survey showed, as companies saw demand dampened by a combination of high inflation, rising interest rates, and economic uncertainty.
France’s economy contracted for the first time in a year and a half, its PMI showed, as weaker demand and inflationary pressures also hit businesses there.
“Problems are mounting for the French and German economies. Demand has fallen due to the toxic combination of rampant inflation, rising interest rates, and energy security worries,” said Susannah Streeter at Hargreaves Lansdown.
In Britain, outside the European Union, private sector growth slowed to a crawl as factory output fell and the larger services sector eked out only a modest expansion, indicating a recession was coming.
Suggesting there was little hope of an imminent turnaround in the eurozone, overall demand in the bloc fell for a second month. The new business index came in at 47.7, just ahead of July’s 47.6.
A PMI covering the bloc’s dominant services industry fell to 50.2 from 51.2, barely above breakeven and below the 50.5 predicted in the Reuters poll.
Although services firms increased their charges at a slower rate this month the output prices index remained well above the long-term average. The input prices index also dipped.
“But they are still very high, and with European gas prices surging and measures of domestic price pressures strong, we expect inflation to remain very high,” said Jack Allen-Reynolds at Capital Economics.
“All things considered, the PMI surveys are consistent with our view the European Central Bank will have to press ahead with monetary tightening even as the economy falls into recession.”
The ECB raised interest rates by more than expected last month and a Reuters poll forecasts it would continue on its tightening path.
Manufacturing activity in the bloc fell again this month. The factory PMI dipped to 49.7 from 49.8, its lowest since June 2020, while an index measuring output that feeds into the composite PMI was 46.5 compared to July’s 46.3.
The Reuters poll median forecast was for the headline number to be 49.0.
That downturn in activity came despite factories completing old orders and building a surplus of completed products at the fastest rate since the survey began in mid-1997 as they struggled to sell in a falling demand environment.
