NEW YORK—U.S. stocks slumped Wednesday as the price of oil suffered its worst one-day drop since September, and the Standard & Poor’s 500 index fell to its lowest level in almost two years.
Investors are worried that low oil prices mean there’s not that much demand for fuel. That would be a sign that growth in the global economy is slowing down. Stocks in the U.S. started sharply lower following widespread selling overseas, and looked like they were headed for huge losses. At one point the Dow Jones industrial average fell as much as 565 points.
After a late recovery, the Dow closed down 249.28 points, or 1.6 percent, to 15,766.74. The S&P 500 index fell 22 points, or 1.2 percent, to 1,859.33. That is its lowest closing price since April 2014.
The Nasdaq composite, which briefly turned positive in the afternoon, lost 5.26 points, or 0.1 percent, to 4,471.69. The Dow is the lowest it’s been since August, and the Nasdaq is at its lowest since October 2014.
U.S. crude dropped $1.91, or 6.7 percent, to $26.55 a barrel in New York. That was the biggest one-day plunge for U.S. oil since Sept. 1. U.S. crude is down 28 percent in 2016 and is trading at its lowest level since May 2003.
Brent crude, a benchmark for international oils, fell 88 cents, or 3.1 percent, to $27.88 a barrel in London.
James Liu, global market strategist for JPMorgan Funds, said demand for oil hasn’t fallen off and the global economy remains relatively healthy. But companies are still producing a great deal of oil, so tremendous stockpiles have accumulated. While companies started shutting down drilling rigs and wells in late 2014 after prices started to decline, production of oil didn’t change much.
Liu predicted production will keep falling and oil prices will stabilize in the middle of 2016, then start rising. “I think that will alleviate some market concerns,” Liu said.
The falling price of oil is bad news for companies that drill for oil and sell it, and those companies have slashed jobs and cut back on work to reduce their costs. Banks have lent billions of dollars to energy companies to fund their work, and investors are worried the banks won’t get their money back. It’s good news, however, for car owners and for companies that use a lot of fuel.
Energy stocks were pelted. Devon Energy lost $1.89, or 8 percent, to $21.49 and Exxon Mobil sank $3.22, or 4.2 percent, to $73.18. Financial stocks were also hit because banks could lose billions on loans to oil and gas companies. Bank of America lost 55 cents, or 3.9 percent, to $13.69.
Gold and U.S. government bonds, traditional safe havens, rose in value as investors shifted money out ofstocks.
Overseas markets also fell. Japan’s Nikkei index entered a bear market, down 20 percent from its peak in June, and European benchmarks lost between 3 and 4 percent.
Jack Ablin, chief investment officer of BMO Private Bank, said he thinks stocks will fall a bit further, but he doesn’t expect a global collapse. Ablin said that for years, investors bought stocks without too much regard for risk. He said investors felt that if things ever got too bad, the Federal Reserve would help prop up themarket.
“Investors were comfortable taking outsize risks, not because they had earnings to fall back on, but because they had the Fed to fall back on,” Ablin said. So stocks made huge gains in the years since the financial crisis while the U.S. economy churned out years of steady but unspectacular growth.
Commercial tech giant IBM said its revenue fell for the 15th consecutive quarter. Sales fell about $170 million short of Wall Street forecasts. The stock shed $6.25, or 4.9 percent, to $121.86, for the biggest loss in the Dow average.
Health care stocks rose, led by biotech drugmakers. Celgene added $4.50, or 4.4 percent, to $107.49 and Amgen picked up $3.72, or 2.5 percent, to $155.02.
Spirit Airlines said its profit margins will be stronger than expected and costs for aircraft rent, maintenance and other items will be smaller. Its shares rose $4.10, or 10.8 percent, to $42, the biggest jump in two years. The plunge in energy prices has also helped airlines save money on jet fuel.
U.S. government bond prices rose as traders shifted money into lower-risk investments. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note dropped to 1.99 percent, its lowest level since October, from 2.06 percent a day earlier. That yield, which is a benchmark for setting interest rates on home mortgages and other kinds of loans, has fallen sharply since the beginning of the year. At the end of 2015 it stood at 2.30 percent.
The price of gold rose $17.10, or 1.6 percent, to $1,106.20. While gold is far below its prices from the financial crisis, it’s up 4 percent in 2016. The price of silver added 3.9 cents to $14.16 an ounce, and is up almost 3 percent for the year. Copper slipped 1.8 cents to $1.96 a pound and is down 8 percent for the year.
Japan’s Nikkei fell 3.7 percent and is down more than 20 percent from its June peak. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng retreated 3.8 percent. The Shanghai Composite Index lost 1 percent. In Europe, Germany’s DAX tumbled 2.8 percent and France’s CAC-40 shed 3.5 percent. Britain’s FTSE 100 sank 3.5 percent.
The dollar fell to 116.72 yen from 117.44 yen late Tuesday. The euro fell to $1.0895 from $1.0923.
Wholesale gasoline dipped to $1.018 a gallon. Heating oil plunged 4.3 cents, or 4.7 percent, to 86.6 cents a gallon. Natural gas rose 2.7 cents, or 1.3 percent, to $2.118 per 1,000 cubic feet.
