ST. LOUIS—The Ferguson Police Department has agreed to overhaul its policies, training and practices as part of a sweeping deal with the Justice Department following the 2014 fatal police shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown.
The recommendations, detailed in a 131-page proposed consent decree released Wednesday, are meant to correct problems identified in a scathing Justice Department report last year that identified unconstitutional and discriminatory practices across the city police force and municipal court system.
The city had been under federal scrutiny since the August 2014 shooting of Brown, who was black and unarmed, by white police officer Darren Wilson. The killing led to protests and promoted a wave of national scrutiny about police use of force and law enforcement’s interactions with minorities.
Wilson was cleared in the shooting, but a federal investigation into the Ferguson police force found patterns of racial bias throughout the city’s criminal justice system. A Justice Department report in March found officers routinely used excessive force, issued petty citations and made baseless traffic stops in the city of about 21,000 residents, about two-thirds of whom are black. It also criticized the police force, which was nearly all white, and the court system for leaning heavily on fines for petty municipal violations as a source of revenue for the city government.
The recommended overhaul follows seven months of negotiations and likely averts a civil rights lawsuit that federal officials can bring against departments that resist changing their policing practices. Ferguson officials posted the tentative deal on the city’s website and scheduled three public sessions for input from residents. A City Council vote is scheduled for Feb. 9.
The agreement envisions a top-to-bottom reshaping of basic policing practices as the Justice Department calls for fundamental changes in how officers conduct stops, searches and arrests, use their firearms and respond to demonstrations. Ferguson officials also agreed to rewrite their municipal code to restrict the use of fines and jail time for petty violations.
“The agreement also will ensure that the city’s stated commitment to refocusing police and municipal court practices on public safety, rather than revenue generation, takes root and will not be undone,” Vanita Gupta, head of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, wrote in a letter to Ferguson Mayor James Knowles III.
Among the highlights of the deal is a requirement that all patrol officers, supervisors and jail workers be outfitted with body-worn cameras and microphones within 180 days of the agreement taking effect. The cameras, meant to promote accountability, are to be activated for all traffic stops, arrests, searches and encounters with people believed to be experiencing a mental health crisis.
Officers also would be expected to justify as reasonable each shot they fire. Department policies will lay out each use of force option and the circumstances in which it’s appropriate.
As part of the deal, police officers and court employees would be given training on “bias-free policing” to help them recognize unconscious stereotyping. And new training would be given on proper stops, searches and arrests, as well as on use of force and appropriate responses to protesters.
The city also will develop a recruitment plan aimed at attracting diversity to the police force.
Ferguson spokesman Jeff Small said the city hasn’t calculated its total financial obligations but called them “significant.” Ferguson voters will consider two ballot measures in April that would increase property and sales taxes — without which the city expects to resort to layoffs to help plug a $2.8 million budget shortfall.
“We’re not just going to negotiate and say, ‘Boom. This is what you have to live with as a community,’” Small said.
The consent decree represents a milestone for a city that attracted national attention after Brown was shot during a street encounter with Wilson. A St. Louis County grand jury declined to indict Wilson in the shooting. The Justice Department also cleared the officer, concluding that evidence backed his claim that he shot Brown in self-defense after Brown tried to grab his gun during a struggle through the window of Wilson’s police vehicle, then came toward him threateningly after briefly running away.
Gupta said “the entire Ferguson community has reason to be proud” about the deal, saying in her letter Tuesday that its implementation will “ensure that police and court services in Ferguson are provided in a manner that fully promotes public safety, respects the fundamental rights of all Ferguson residents, and makes policing in Ferguson safer and more rewarding for officers.”
The city’s statement called the deal “the best agreement that the city’s representatives were able to obtain for the citizens.”
