Renaming the sites—located in California, North Dakota, Tennessee, and Texas—completes a years-long process to remove the word from geographic sites across the country.
“Words matter, particularly in our work to ensure our nation’s public lands and waters are accessible and welcoming to people of all backgrounds,” said Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland. “I am grateful to the members of the Derogatory Geographic Names Task Force and the Board on Geographic Names for their efforts to finalize the removal of this harmful word. Together, we are showing why representation matters and charting a path for an inclusive America.”
Haaland, of New Mexico, is the first Native American to hold a cabinet-level position. In November 2021, she declared “squaw” a derogatory term and created a committee to identify and replace the word on geographic features on federal lands.
In 2021, authorities renamed 28 Wisconsin sites to remove an allegedly racist word, a panel recommended the name change of a Colorado mountain tied to a massacre, and the federal government renamed hundreds of peaks, lakes, streams, and other geographical features with racist and misogynistic terms.
Renaming Relevant Sites
Haaland ordered the BGN—the federal body tasked with naming geographic places—to implement procedures to remove the term from federal usage.“Racist terms have no place in our vernacular or on our federal lands. Our nation’s lands and waters should be places to celebrate the outdoors and our shared cultural heritage—not to perpetuate the legacies of oppression,” Haaland said in a statement at the time.
The department said in a statement the vote came after the year-long process to remove from federal use a term “that has historically been used as an offensive ethnic, racial and sexist slur, particularly for Indigenous women.”
The department noted that because there were unique concerns with renaming populated locations, the BGN sought additional review and comments from tribes, local communities, and stakeholders before the final vote.
- Squaw Hill, California: Name changed to Loybas Hill.
- Squaw Valley, California: Name changed to Yokuts Valley.
- Squaw Gap, North Dakota: Name changed to Homesteaders Gap.
- Squawberry, Tennessee: Name changed to Partridgeberry.
- Squaw Mountain, Texas: Name changed to Lynn Creek.
- Squaw Place, Wyoming: Removed from consideration. Feature is a locale now listed as privately owned land.
- Squaw Harbor, Alaska: Removed from consideration. Feature is a historical area that no longer serves as an unincorporated community.
Local Communities React
Three Affiliated Tribes Chairman Mark Fox told The Bismarck Tribune that the slur “really causes serious and strong emotions and resistance to that term.”He added in a statement that “we are pleased that the racially insensitive and offensive name has been removed.”
A member of the McKenzie County North Dakota Board of Commissioners said many residents in the area “felt very strongly” in opposition to the switch, and the commissioner said the community would “prefer as little interference from the federal government as possible.”
The department noted Haaland’s order only considered the use of “squaw” in its scope, but a separate order created a federal advisory committee for the department to receive public input on additional “derogatory terms, derogatory terms on federal land units, and the process for derogatory name reconciliation.”